SCIENCE DAY4 Flashcards
building blocks of matter
atom
atom is made up of
protons, neutrons, electrons
non-matter does not occupy space and does not have a mass. examples of non-matter
light, energy
classification of matter made up of ALL THE SAME TYPE OF ATOM or ALL THE SAME MOLECULES and it exhibit exact properties and composition
pure substance
substances that are made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM. A PURE SUBSTANCE that cannot be broken down by chemical processes into simpler substances
ELEMENTS
OXYGEN, HYDROGEN, SODIUM are examples of
ELEMENT
what is the 118th ELEMENT
Oganesson (Og)
classification of elements
metals
non-metals
metalloids
classification of elements
usually solid and are good conductor of heat and electricity, e.g., copper or iron
metals
metals exist as solid except for
mercury and gallium
classification of elements
a poor conductor of heat and electricity
(oxygen, carbon, bromine, sulfur
non-metals
classification of elements
have both properties of metals and non-metals (semi-metals)
metalloids
substances that are formed by the CHEMICAL COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE TYPE OF ATOMS
COMPOUNDS
Substance that CAN BE BROKEN DOWN by chemical processes into simpler substance
COMPOUNDS
water H2O, carbon dioxide CO2 are examples of
COMPOUNDS
alcohol is a class of organic compound characterized by a _________ bonded to an ________ group
hydroxyl bonded to an alkyl group
found in perfumes and colognes and food coloring
ester
types of chemical bonding
covalent bond
ionic bond
type of chemical bonding
bonding of TWO OR MORE NON-METALS
examples: H2O, CH4, CO2
COVALENT BOND
type of chemical bonding
bonding between METALS and NON-METALS
examples: NaCl (sodium chloride) NaF (Sodium Fluoride)
IONIC BOND
a type of matter consisting two or more different substances that have been combined WITHOUT CHEMICAL BONDING taking place, just a physical combination
mixture
type of mixture that has a single phase
homogenous mixture
type of mixture that are visually distinguished
heterogenous mixture
under heterogenous mixture:
contains particles that DO NOT SETTLE
COLLOID
under heterogenous mixture:
contains layer particles that EVENTUALLY SETTLE OUT
SUSPENSION
UNDER MIXTURES:
milk, cloud, and fog are examples of
colloid
UNDER MIXTURES:
chocolate milk and orange juice are examples of
suspension
STATES OF MATTER
has definite shape and volume, particles are tightly packed, very little energy, particles vibrate in place
SOLID
STATES OF MATTER
has definite volume but no definite shape, particles are loosely packed, medium energy level, particles flow around each other
liquid
STATES OF MATTER
does not have definite volume and shape, particles move freely and have lots of energy
gas
STATES OF MATTER
a very hot gas of nuclei and electrons, superheated gas
plasma
STATES OF MATTER
super cold at absolute ZERO temperature
Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
CHANGES IN MATTER
a change wherein the chemical composition has been altered or a chemical reaction has taken place
chemical change
CHANGES IN MATTER
rusting of iron
chemical change
CHANGES IN MATTER
the chemical composition remains the same. it involves only a change in the size, shape, or amount, as well as changes in state
physical change
CHANGES IN MATTER
tearing of paper
chopping of woods
breaking of rock
physical change
EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL CHANGE
liquid to solid
freezing
CHANGES IN MATTER
solid to liquid
melting
CHANGES IN MATTER
liquid to gas
evaporation
CHANGES IN MATTER
gas to liquid
condensation
CHANGES IN MATTER
solid to gas
sublimation
CHANGES IN MATTER
gas to solid
deposition
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
reaction between two or more simple substances to form a single product
synthesis
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
a single reactant is broken down into two or more products
decomposition
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
a more active element replaces a less active element in a compound
substitution
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
interchange of the two parts of two substances to form new substances
double decomposition
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
needs energy
endothermic reaction
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
releases energy
exothermic reaction
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
A + B AB
SYNTHESIS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
AB A + B
DECOMPOSITION
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
AB + C AC + B
SUBSTITUTION
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
AB + CD AD + CB
DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
AB + energy A + B
A + B + energy AB
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
AB A + B + energy
A + B AB+ energy
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
pH value of BELOW 7
ACIDS
pH value of ABOVE 7
BASES
pH value of 7
neutral (pure water)
pH means
POWER OF HYDROGEN
study of matter and energy and their relationship
physics
what is the basic unit for PRESSURE
PASCAL
MASS vs WEIGHT
quantity of matter in an object; can be measured in kg
MASS
MASS vs WEIGHT
the pull of gravity; can be measured in N (Newton)
WEIGHT
a continuous change in position
motion
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MATION
every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion with constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by unbalanced external forces impressed upon
FIRST LAW: LAW OF INERTIA
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MATION
when enough force is applied, the object will accelerate
SECOND LAW: LAW OF ACCELERATION
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MATION
to every action there is always an apposite equal reaction
THIRD LAW: LAW OF INTERACTION
it is the capacity to do work
energy
energy at rest. has the potential to fall or move
potential energy
energy in motion
kinetic energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed. it is only transformed into another form of energy
conservation energy
study of heat and its transformation to different forms of energy
thermodynamics
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER:
transmission of heat from two objects with direct contact
conduction
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER:
heat transfer through air and water currents (liquid)
convection
heat transfer through rays or waves emitted by a very hot object (sun)
radiation
what is the speed of light
3.0 x 10^8 m/s
light travels fastest in a _______
vacuum
(gas - liquid - solid)
______ of violet and blue frequencies of sunlight in all directions is what gives the sky its blue color
scattering
_______ is the separation of white light by a prism into bands of colors (rainbow)
dispersion
________ is the bending of light as it passes through an obstruction such as a small slit
diffraction
________ is the overlapping of light waves. the beautiful colors of soap bubbles or on thin film of oil
interference
_______ is when light bounces off an object
reflection
________ is when light changes its direction as it passes through a medium
refraction
a chemical wave
sound
sound travels fast in _______, next in ______, next in _______
solid - liquid - gas
sound cannot travel in _______
vacuum
