Sedative-Hypnotics and Alcohol Flashcards

(49 cards)

0
Q

Side effect of Benzodiazepines

A

Anterograde amnesia
Decreased psychomotor skills
Unwated daytime sedation
Additive CNS depression with Ethanol

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1
Q

Short-acting Benzodiazepine

A

Midazolam (Etizolam, Brotizolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam)

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2
Q

Abnormal sleep pattern in Benzodiazepines

A

Decreased REM sleep

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3
Q

Intermediate acting Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam (Clonazepam, Lormetazepam, Estazolam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Temazepam)

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4
Q

MOA of Benzodiazepines

A

GABA-A subunit binding, increased FREQUENCY of chloride channel opening

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5
Q

Long acting Benzodiazepine

A

Diazepam (Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorazepate)

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6
Q

Date-rape drugs

A

Ethanol
Funitrazepam
Gamma-hydroxybutirate

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7
Q

Benzodiazepine with longest half-life

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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8
Q

benzodiazepine overdose antidote

A

Flumazenil

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9
Q

MOA of flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor antagonist

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10
Q

Side effect of short-acting benzodiazepine

A

Rebound insomnia/anxiety

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11
Q

Rohypnol

A

Flunitrazepam

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12
Q

Flumazenil Side effect

A

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

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13
Q

Barbiturate MOA

A

Bind to GABA-A receptor sites, increase DURATION of chloride channel opening

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14
Q

Ultrashort-acting Barbiturate

A

Thiopental (Methohexital, Thiamylal)

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15
Q

Side effect of Barbiturates

A

CNS depression
Tolerance/Dependence
Acute intermittent porphyria

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16
Q

Enzyme deficient in acute intermittent porphyria

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase

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17
Q

Most catastropic side effect of sedative-hypnotic

A

Rebound suicide

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18
Q

Class of Zolpidem

A

Imidazopyridine

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19
Q

Short/Intermediate-acting Barbiturate

A

Pentobarbital (-bital, -butal)

20
Q

Long-acting Barbiturate

A

Phenobarbital (Mephobarbital, Pyrimidone)

21
Q

Imidazopyridine

A

Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone

22
Q

Indication for Zolpidem

23
Q

Side effect of Zolpidem

A

Modest day-after psychomotor depression

Dependence

24
Reversal of Zolpidem side effects
Flumazenil
25
Buspirone MOA
Partial agonist at 5-HT1a receptors and D2 receptors
26
Buspirone indication
General Anxiety Disorder
27
Metabolism of low to moderate doses of ethanol
Alcohol dehydrogenase
28
Metabolism of high doses if ethanol (>100 mg/dL)
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)
29
Fixed capacity for ethanol metabolism
7-10 g/h
30
Inhibits Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
Disulfiram
31
Blood alcohol concentration for impaired driving ability
60-80 mg/dL
32
Blood alcohol concentration for respiratory depssion and coma
>500 mg/dL
33
Most common neurologic side effect of chronic ethanol consumption
Peripheral neuropathy
34
Most common complication of chronic alcohol consumption
Liver disease - cirrhosis and hepatic failure
35
Clinical manifestation of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Ataxia Confusion Ophthalmoplegia
36
pathologic brain findings in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Hemorrhagic necrosis of the mamillary bodies
37
Cardiovascular complication of chronic alcohol consumption
Reversile dilated cardiomyopathy
38
Amount of ethanol intake per day to increase HDL
10-15 g/day
39
Most common manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome
Mental retardation
40
Manifestions of Delirium Tremens
Hallucination Autonomic disability Delirium
41
Onset of Delirium Tremens
48-72 hours post-withdrawal
42
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome DOC in patients with no co-morbids
Long acting Benzodiazepine
43
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome DOC for patients with hepatic failure
Short-acting Benzodiazepine
44
Alcoholism treatment options
Naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist) Acamprosate (NMDA receptor antagonist) Disulfiram (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor)
45
Disulfiram reaction
Chlorpropamide Cefoperazone Cefamandole Procarbazine Metronidazole
46
Methanol Toxicty accumlates what?
Formic acid and Formaldehyde
47
Ethylene glycol toxicity accumulates what?
Oxalic acid
48
DOC for Methanol and Ethylene Glycol toxicity
Ethanol | Fomepizole