Seed Plants

Question 1

—: consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
* Changed the course of plant —, enabling their bearers to become the — producers in most terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 1

1. Seed
2. Evolution
3. Dominant

Question 2

Key adaptations have aided success of seed plants:

• Cope with environmental conditions such as — and ——
• Free from requirement of water for —, enabling reproduction under broader range of conditions
• Seeds can disperse over long distances by — or other means

Answer 2

1. Drought & UV Radiation
2. Fertilization
3. Wind

Question 3

Traits common to all seed plants:

• —
• ——
• —
• —
• —

Answer 3

1. Seeds
2. Reduced gametophytes
3. Heterospory
4. Ovules
5. Pollen

Question 4

The gametophytes of seed plants are —

Answer 4

Microscopic

Question 5

Allows development within the sporangia of the parent sporophyte

• Protects gametophytes from ——
• Enables gametophytes to obtain nutrients from — sporophyte

Answer 5

1. Environmental stresses

2. Parental

Question 6

In contrast to most seedless vascular plants, seed plants are —

Answer 6

Heterosporous

Question 7

— produce — that give rise to female gametophytes(within ovule)

Answer 7

1. Megasporangia

2. Megaspores

Question 8

— produce — that give rise to male gametophytes (pollen grains)

Answer 8

1. Microsporangia

2. Microspores

Question 9

—: consists of a megasporangium, megaspore, and one or more protective —

Answer 9

1. Ovule

2. Integuments

Question 10

Gymnosperm megasporangia have — integument

Answer 10

One

Question 11

Angiosperm megasporangia usually have — integuments

Answer 11

Two

Question 12

Microspores develop into ——, which contain the male gametophytes

Answer 12

Pollen grains

Question 13

Pollen and Production of Sperm:

* Eliminate need for a ——— and can be dispersed great distances by — or —

Answer 13

1. Film of water
2. Air
3. Animals

Question 14

— is the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

Answer 14

Pollination

Question 15

If a pollen grain germinates, it gives rise to a —— that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

Answer 15

Pollen tube

Question 16

A — is a sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat derived from the integument(s)

Answer 16

Seed

Question 17

Seeds can remain dormant for — to —, until conditions are favorable for —

Answer 17

1. Days to years

2. Germination

Question 18

Seeds provide a supply of ——

Answer 18

Stored food

Question 19

Seeds can be transported by — distances by wind or animals

Answer 19

Long

Question 20

Living seed plants can be divided into two Claude:

1. —
2. —

Answer 20

1. Gymnosperms

2. Angiosperms

Question 21

Gymnosperms (“naked seeds”)

• Seeds are exposed on — leaves(sprorophylls) that unusually form —(Stromboli)
• Most gymnosperms are cone-bearing plants called —, such as pines, firs, and redwoods

Answer 21

1. Modified
2. Cones
3. Conifers

Question 22

Angiosperms:

* Seeds are found in —, which are — ovaries

Answer 22

1. Fruits

2. Mature

Question 23

3 key features of the life cycle of all seed plants are:

• — of their gametophytes
• Development of seeds from ——
• The transfer of sperm to ovules by —

Answer 23

1. Miniaturization
2. Fertilized ovules
3. Pollen

Question 24

The pine tree is the sporophyte and produces — in male and female cones

Answer 24

Sporangia

Question 25

``` Pollen cones (male) * small cones produce Microspores called —, each of which contains a male gametophyte ```

Answer 25

Pollen grains

Question 26

``` Ovulate Cones (female) * familiar larger cones contain ovules, which produce — that develop into female gametophyte ~ Takes — years from cone production to mature seed ```

Answer 26

1. Megaspores | 2. Three

Question 27

Pine Life Cycle: | 1. Microsporophytes produce Microspores by — that develop into ——

Answer 27

1. Meiosis | 2. Pollen grains

Question 28

Pine Life Cycle: | 2. After pollination of the ovule, the pollen grain — and starts forming a ——

Answer 28

1. Germinates | 2. Pollen tube

Question 29

Pine Life Cycle: 3. During pollen tube formation, the megasporocyte produces —haploid megaspores by meiosis. One survives as a —. This develops into a female gametophyte with 2-3 archegonia, each of which will form an —.

Answer 29

1. Four 2. Megaspores 3. Egg

Question 30

Pine Life Cycle: 4. Egg maturation finishes by the time the pollen tube is — and —occurs (>1 y after pollination). All eggs may be fertilized, but usually only — zygote develops.

Answer 30

1. Developed 2. Fertilization 3. One

Question 31

Pine Life Cycle: | 5. Ovule becomes a seed with embryo, —— & ——

Answer 31

1. Food supply | 2. Seed coat

Question 32

Angiosperms now dominate most — ecosystems, though gymnosperms remain an important part of Earth’s —

Answer 32

1. Terrestrial | 2. Flora

Question 33

What are the 4 phyla of gymnosperms?

Answer 33

1. Cycadophyta 2. Ginkgophyta 3. Gnetophyta 4. Coniferophyta

Question 34

Cycadophyta: | * —

Answer 34

Cycads

Question 35

Ginkgophyta: | * 1 living species; ——

Answer 35

Ginkgo biloba

Question 36

Gnetophyta: | * 3 genera: —,—,—

Answer 36

1. Gnetum 2. Ephedra 3. Welwitschia

Question 37

Coniferophyta: | * —, such as pine, fir, redwood

Answer 37

Conifers

Question 38

Angiosperms are seed plants with reproductive structures called — and —

Answer 38

1. Flowers | 2. Fruits

Question 39

Angiosperms are the most — and — of all plants

Answer 39

1. Widespread | 2. Diverse

Question 40

All angiosperms are classified in a single phylum, —

Answer 40

Anthophyta

Question 41

Angiosperms have two key adaptations: * — * —

Answer 41

1. Flowers | 2. Fruits

Question 42

Flowers have specialized structure for ——

Answer 42

Sexual reproduction

Question 43

What are the four types of modified leaves of flowers, called floral organs?

Answer 43

1. Sepals 2. Petals 3. Stamens 4. Carpels

Question 44

—: found at the base and enclose the flower before it opens

Answer 44

Sepals

Question 45

—: often brightly colored to attract pollinators; wind-pollinated flowers generally lack brightly colored parts

Answer 45

Petals

Question 46

—: male reproductive organ-produce pollen

Answer 46

Stamens

Question 47

—: female reproductive organ-produce ovules

Answer 47

Carpels

Question 48

Stamens: consists of a stalk called a —, with a sac called an — where the pollen is produced

Answer 48

1. Filament | 2. Anther

Question 49

Carpel: consists of an — at the base and a — leading up to a —, where pollen is recieved

Answer 49

1. Ovary 2. Style 3. Stigma

Question 50

— can be used to refer to a single carpel or two or more fused carpels

Answer 50

Pistil

Question 51

Fruits are formed when the ovary wall — and —

Answer 51

1. Thickens | 2. Matures

Question 52

Fruits — seeds and aid in their —

Answer 52

1. Protect | 2. Dispersal

Question 53

Mature fruits can be either — or —

Answer 53

1. Fleshy | 2. Dry

Question 54

``` Seeds can be carried by: * Explosive action, — * — * — * — ~ Edible — ~ — ```

Answer 54

1. Wind 2. Wings 3. Water 4. Animals 5. Fruits 6. Barbs

Question 55

Angiosperms comprise >— living species

Answer 55

250,000

Question 56

Angiosperms were previously divided into 2 main groups * — * —

Answer 56

1. Monocots (one cotyledon) | 2. Dicots (two cotyledons)

Question 57

— (true dicots) include most dicots | * The rest of the former dicots form several small —

Answer 57

1. Eudicots | 2. Lineages

Question 58

One quarter of angiosperm species are —

Answer 58

Monocots

Question 59

Latest groups of Monocots are the —,—, and —

Answer 59

1. Orchids 2. Grasses 3. Palms

Question 60

Two-Thirds of angiosperms species are —

Answer 60

Eudicots

Question 61

Eudicots include the large — family and the economically important rose family

Answer 61

Legume

Question 62

No group of plants is more important to human survival than — plants * Key sources of —, —, ——, and —

Answer 62

1. Seed 2. Food 3. Fuel 4. Wood products 5. Medicine

Question 63

Our reliance on seed plants makes preservation of plant diversity —

Answer 63

Critical

Question 64

Most of our food comes from — | *6 crops (wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes) yield —% of the calories consumed by humans

Answer 64

1. Angiosperms | 2. 80%

Question 65

Flowering plants provide other edible products including —, —, —, and —

Answer 65

1. tea 2. Coffee 3. Chocolate 4. Spices

Question 66

Many seed plants provide —

Answer 66

Wood

Question 67

Secondary compounds of seed plants are use in —

Answer 67

Medicines

Question 68

Destruction of habitat is causing — of many plant species

Answer 68

Extinction

Question 69

Loss of plant habitat is often accompanied by loss of animal species that plants support * At the current rate, —% of Earth’s species will become extinct within the next few centuries * Also reduces the absorption of atmospheric — that occurs during photosynthesis

Answer 69

1. 50% | 2. CO2