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Alisha's NPLEX II Review > Shotgun: Random questions > Flashcards

Shotgun: Random questions Flashcards

1
Q

What age group does RSV occur in

A

Infants ONLY

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2
Q

Cheilosis is caused by deficiency of what vitamin?

A

B2

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3
Q

Heterophile antibody test is another name for what?

A

monospot

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4
Q

What herb causes a whole-body rash like the measles

A

Lomatium

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5
Q

HIV infection- herbs to tx?

A

PHEL

Panax, Hypericum, Echinacea, Licorice

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6
Q

Low level light therapy, sine wave, US- uses

A

LLLT- RA
Cold laser: arthritis

Sine wave- spasms

Microcurrent: tissue healing after injury

US: fibrotic tissue, adhesions, plantar fasciitis, CTS

Electroacupuncture: CTS

PABA iontophoresis: Sclerosis (like scleroderma)

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7
Q

Tx for fibromyalgia

A

5HTP, cyclobenzaprine

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8
Q

Heberdens vs Hogarths vs sausage digits vs Boutonierres

A

Heberdens: OA
Hogarths: RA
Sausage digits: PA
Boutonerres also occurs in RA

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9
Q

Ddx for quick-onset weakness

A

Guillain-Barre: Ascending (Dx: lumbar puncture)

Myasthenia gravis: fluctuating (Dx: tensilon test)

Tetanus: descending spastic w paralysis of the facial nerve. Can also be random pattern

Botulism: descending flaccid

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10
Q

Sulfsalazine can cause a deficiency of which of the B vitamins?

A

folate

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11
Q

What type of imaging can differentiate between UC, Crohn’s and CRC?

A

Barium enema with radiograph

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12
Q

Interstitial lung disease is a risk in which AI disorder?

A

Sjogren’s

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13
Q

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a risk in which AI disorder?

A

SLE

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14
Q

Tx for Sjogren’s

A

Methotrexate

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15
Q

Tests and tx in FUO?

A

CBC

No empirical tx as it can mask symptoms

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16
Q

Most common CA in children, and sx

A

ALL
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Sx: low RBCs, low platelets, leukocytosis and lymphoblasts

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17
Q

How to diagnose menopause? Treatment?

A

Elevated FSH

Prozac and Gabapentin to reduce physical and mood symptoms

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18
Q

How to work up post-menopausal uterine bleeding?

A

TVUS, cervical cytology and endometrial biopsy

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19
Q

Most common leukemia in adults?

A

CLL. Increased WBCs in CBC first indicator.

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20
Q

Beta-carotene should not be given to what people group?

A

Smokers. Increases risk of cancer.

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21
Q

How to diagnose endometriosis? Natural tx?

A

Laparoscopy

Flax seeds- phytoestrogenic
Angelica sinensis

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22
Q

Estrogens and progesterone go through which CYP?

A

3A4

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23
Q

How do you diagnose ovarian CA

A

Laparatomy, CA 125 as a marker, most common in women >60

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24
Q

How to treat pyelonephritis?

A

Bactrim or ciprofloxacin (in pt allergic to penicillins or sulfa drugs)

Arctostaphylis can be used, but urine needs to be alkaline. Use baking soda

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25
LH:FSH ratio normally and in PCOS | Tx for PCOS
1: 1 normal 3: 1 in PCOS low-glycemic index foods Serenoa to prevent androgens
26
Fungal infections of the lungs
Histomycosis (lung sx) Blastomycosis (lung sx, skin growths) Fungal infection from the Mississippi River area Histoplasmosis: mold from Mississippi: fever, cough, myalgia from bat and bird poop Cryptosporidiosis: parasite Coccididomycosis: valley fever, erythema nodosum, also a fungus
27
Symptoms must be present for how long in PTSD for diagnosis
>1 month
28
Dx and tx of prostate cancer
Dx: free PSA Tx: leuprolide or goserelin, GnRH inhibitors, prevent formation of testosterone. major side effects include hot flashes, can treat with increased soy in the diet or Salvia. Can also use Tamulosin, an alpha blocker; side effects include dizziness
29
How to dx urethritis in a male?
NAAT test in urine
30
Clear penile discharge suggests what kind of urethritis?
Chlamydia. Tx: Doxycycline Gonorrhea is usually purulent d/c. Tx: ceftriaxone + azithromycin
31
How do you treat bacterial prostatitis?
Bactrim or cipro Same as pyelo
32
Testicular cancer is often masked by what
Hydrocele
33
Most common type of BRCA?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
34
Carcinoma vs. sarcoma
Carcinoma: Epithelial. Common. Later in life, less vascular, less rapid growth. Lymphatic spread. Sarcoma: Connective tissue. Bone, muscle, fat, nerves, cartilage and blood. Occurs in younger people, more vascular and therefore grows rapidly. Spread by blood (blood is a connective tissue and sarcomas are malignancies of the connective tissue!)
35
Hormonal treatments like Tamoxifen are used in what kind of cancer?
Hormone receptor positive cancers, like BRCA 5FU could be used in hormone receptor negative BRCA DIM can be used as well to prevent recurrence of cancer
36
Herbal treatment for hot flashes in women (and men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer)?
Salvia officinalis
37
How do you diagnosis BRCA
Biopsy
38
How do you diagnosis Sheehan syndrome?
Labs and MRI. MRI is the best imaging to evaluate the pituitary
39
How do you diagnose glaucoma?
Amsler chart is graph paper, can help diagnose macular degeneration Slit lamp: can diagnose closed-angle glaucoma (ER! call 911!) After they are treated in ER, natural tx: quercetin. its a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, relaxing the trabecular network Tonometry is taking the pressure of the eye, can diagnose open-angle glaucoma
40
Anthrax exposure: what PPI do you need?
Respirator. In terms of danger: lung exposure > GI > cutaneous. Tx: Ciprofloxacin. Doxycycline and penicillin also ok.
41
Meningitis tests
Soto-Hall (flex neck) Kernig's (flex legs, watch neck) Brudzinski's (flex neck, watch legs)
42
First line tx for adhesive capsulitis, and main risk factor
Tx: physical therapy Risks: any AI disease
43
Trendelenberg sign
Person stands on one leg and lifts opposite leg. Hip drops on the leg that is being lifted. Usually means weak or injured glut min and med on the standing leg. Can also suggest Legg-Cathe-Perthe (AVN of the femoral head) in kids
44
Legg Calve Perthes
AVN of the femoral head in a child 4-10 usually following a relatively minor injury Will see +Trendelenberg sign, +FABERE AVN is an emergency
45
FABERE tests for what?
hip pathologies
46
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Irritation of the ulnar nerve from being on your elbows or bending elbows a lot, or arthritis Sx: numbness and tingling in the ring and little finger
47
Metabolic syndrome criteria
Must meet 3 or more of the following 5: ``` waist >40inches (men) or 35 (women) BP>135/85mmHg *fasting TG>150 *fasting HDL<40 (men) or 50 (women) *fasting glucose >100 ```
48
Gout crystals vs CPP crystals
Gout: needles, negatively biferengent CPP: rhomboid, positively bifirengent, calcifications noted on imaging
49
Acute tx vs. prevention of gout
Colchicine = acute treatment. Don't use longterm, lots of side effects, most common is diarrhea with NV Allopurinol = prevention
50
Which analgesic can cause tinnitus and ear damage with long-term use?
Aspirin
51
Lateral vs medial disc herniation | Natural tx?
Laternal/medial refers to the herniation with respect to the nerve root- it can herniate outside of, or inside of, where the nerve root is leaving the spinal canal Lateral herniation on the L side- pain on L; pt leans away from pain; antalgic posture is away from pain. "Lay away". Test with Linder's- lift neck- stresses nerve root Medial herniation on the L side- pain on L, pt leans toward the pain (otherwise they pull nerve into herniation); antalgic posture is toward pain. "MINT; medial, lean into." Test with WLR. Will hurt on L when you lift R leg. Tx with bromeliad
52
Bacterical meningitis common microbe + treatment
Neisseria meningitides; Gm(-), intracellular cocci IV Ceftriaxone
53
Triple antibiotic ingredients
No penicillin, no sulfa Neomycin: aminoglycoside antibiotic, allergic reactions possible Polymixin: nonribosomal peptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product Bacitracin: polypeptide, breaks cell wall, bacterial product
54
Liposomal lidocaine use
Wounds with intact skin only, toxic in open wounds
55
Antibiotic used in dog bites? | Other steps?
Amoxicillin-clav TDAP booster Rabies hasn't occurred in dogs in the US in a long time, not indicated unless it was a wild animal Must report animal bites to the county if they cause puncture wound, animal must be monitored for 10 days for signs of disease
56
Antibiotics to avoid in kids
Doxycline + other tetracyclines: tooth discoloration Ciprofloxacin and other flouroquinolones: joint and cartilage destruction
57
Arnica uses
Blunt trauma; don't use in open wounds, risk of toxicity
58
Natural treatments for stroke recovery
Gingko, centella, panas ginseng ALA
59
For African American patients, tx for HTN does not include?
ACEI and ARB are less effective in these patients Use CCBs and diuretics
60
Homeopathic for head injury/TBI
Nat mur
61
Which diet is used to manage MS symptoms
Swank diet (low-fat)
62
MS diagnosis?
Spinal tap (?!) Also need brain lesions in different places at different times, I think that's a new criteria than the spinal tap?
63
Larrea Ligusticum Lomatium Ligustrum
Larrea: chaparral, inhibits Ligusticum: Osha/lovage Lomatium: carrot family, photosensitizing, measles rash Ligustrum: privet hedge, bone marrow, hyperlipidemia
64
Hypolipidemic herb for the liver, digestive stimulant
Cynara Sionara, lipids!
65
Phytoestrogenic herbs
Acteae ramosa Medicago sativa Trifolium pratense Vitex stimulates progesterone
66
Ceanothus (lilac) Geranium Quercus - what is their class?
Astringents
67
Achillea Capsella Geranium -what is their class?
Hemostyptics
68
Eupatorium perf vs purple
Perf= fever and infections PerF=Fever Purple= for kidney stones
69
Adrenal cortex vs medulla
Cortex is the outside, has the three zones, sugar, salt, sex Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens Medulla (middle) makes epinephrine and norepinephrine
70
Ceanothus Gallium Iris Phytolacca
Lymphatics
71
Vaccinium m
Decreases blood vessel permeability Astringent For skin stuff
72
Astringent Antimicrobial Treats hot flashes
Salvia

Alisha's NPLEX II Review (19 decks)

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