Smartbooks Chapter 3

Question 1

The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and which of the following?
Protein
Calcium
Carbohydrates
Cellulose

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

What is the simplest structural and functional unit of living things?

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

What do voltage-gated ion channels open in response to?

Answer 3

A change in membrane potential

Question 4

Cells that line the intestine are taller than they are wide and therefore described as what?

Answer 4

Columnar

Question 5

Tissue fluid is also called ______.

Answer 5

Interstitial fluid

Question 6

Which cellular structure is critical for identifying your body’s own healthy cells from transplanted tissue?

Answer 6

Glycocalyx

Question 7

The majority of the plasma membrane can be described as a bilayer of
_____ with associated proteins.

Answer 7

phospholipids

Question 8

Extensions of the cell membrane that serve to increase surface area are called

Answer 8

Microvilli

Question 9

Squamous cells line the ____

Answer 9

esophagus

Question 10

When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration

Answer 10

gradient

Question 11

Smaller molecules diffuse ______ larger molecules.

Answer 11

faster than

Question 12

A membrane coating called the

______ is chemically unique in everyone but identical twins.

Answer 12

glycocalyx

Question 13

Water and electrolytes can cross a cell membrane through which of the following?
Transporters
Vesicles
Cholesterol molecules
Channels

Answer 13

Channels

Question 14

Extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell’s surface area are called ______.

Answer 14

microvilli

Question 15

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. What does this mean?

Answer 15

Some compounds can permeate (pass through) the membrane while others cannot.

Question 16

The movement of water in and out of the renal tubules can be increased or decreased. The tubular cells are able to do this, by changing the number of water channels, also called
_____ in their membranes.

Answer 16

aquaporins

Question 17

A(n) ______ solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cell and tends to cause osmotic swelling and lysis of cells.

Answer 17

hypotonic

Question 18

Which factors would increase the rate of diffusion?
Decreased temperature
Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area

Answer 18

Decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
Increased concentration difference
Increased cell surface area

Question 19

A cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

Answer 19

Hypertonic

Question 20

Which of the following molecules can readily diffuse through a cell membrane?
Lipid-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
Nonpolar molecules
Large hydrophilic molecules

Answer 20

Lipid-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic molecules
Nonpolar molecules

Question 21

What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called?

Answer 21

A carrier

Question 22

What are the membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane called?

Answer 22

Aquaporins

Question 23

When all carriers are saturated, the transport of the molecule levels off at a rate called what?

Answer 23

Transport maximum

Question 24

Cells placed in a(n) ______ solution will swell and burst due to water moving into the cell.

Answer 24

hypotonic

Question 25

A(n) ____ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage.

Answer 25

hypertonic

Question 26

``` Mechanisms for moving substances across the plasma membrane that require the use of cellular ATP include which of the following: vesicular transport passive diffusion osmosis active transport ```

Answer 26

vesicular transport and active transport

Question 27

The Na+-K+ pump moves ______ Na+ ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ______ K+ ions from the ECF into the ICF.

Answer 27

3; 2

Question 28

In which process does a solute bind to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane?

Answer 28

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 29

The general term for the cell process in which the membrane invaginates, forming vesicles that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell, is known as ___

Answer 29

endocytosis

Question 30

The Na+-K+ pump is a good example of which type of transport?

Answer 30

Primary active transport

Question 31

Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?

Answer 31

Intermediate filaments

Question 32

What are the three types of endocytosis?

Answer 32

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated

Question 33

The organelle which controls cellular activity is the

Answer 33

Nucleus

Question 34

The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as ____ diffusion.

Answer 34

facilitated

Question 35

Which of the following best defines chromatin? Particles on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum Tubular structures forming the centrioles Folds of the inner membrane within mitochondria Fine threads of DNA and protein

Answer 35

Fine threads of DNA and protein

Question 36

The vesicular transport process of discharging material from a cell is called

Answer 36

exocytosis

Question 37

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 37

To synthesize lipids

Question 38

_____ filaments are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments and participate in cell-to-cell adhesion.

Answer 38

Intermediate

Question 39

What is the large centrally-located organelle visible with a light microscope called?

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

Where are proteins, such as enzymes, that are to be secreted from the cells produced?

Answer 40

Ribosomes on the ER

Question 41

The fine thread-like genetic material (the form of DNA) found within the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is called

Answer 41

chromatin

Question 42

The organelle that resembles stacked membranous sacs and is involved in "packaging" is the _____ complex.

Answer 42

golgi

Question 43

Which membrane-bound organelle contains a mixture of enzymes that function in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles?

Answer 43

Lysosome

Question 44

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 44

To synthesize proteins

Question 45

Which cytoskeletal elements resist stresses placed on a cell and participate in junctions that attach some cells to their neighbors?

Answer 45

Intermediate filaments

Question 46

Which organelle contains enzymes needed to neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol, other drugs, and blood-borne toxins?

Answer 46

Peroxisome

Question 47

______ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.

Answer 47

Ribosomes

Question 48

Which organelle is comprised of stacked cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates?

Answer 48

Golgi complex

Question 49

Which organelle is has a double unit membrane?

Answer 49

Mitochondria

Question 50

_____ are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.

Answer 50

Lysosomes

Question 51

Which organelles participate in cell division?

Answer 51

Centrioles

Question 52

Which endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branched cisternae, and lacks ribosomes?

Answer 52

Smooth ER

Question 53

The membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and oxygen used to oxidize organic material is the _____

Answer 53

peroxisome

Question 54

Which of the following are small granules of RNA and protein that provide a site for protein synthesis?

Answer 54

Ribosomes

Question 55

Basal bodies and the axonemes of flagella and cilia originate from which non-membranous organelles?

Answer 55

Centrioles

Question 56

Which of the following is a short cylindrical assembly of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three?

Answer 56

Centrioles