Unit 4 Smartbooks Flashcards
Which are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron? Nucleus Centrioles Mitochondria Synaptic vesicles Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
In the CNS, myelin is produced by glial cells called __________
oligodendrocytes
Which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain?
Oligodendrocyte
The trigger zone includes the axon hillock and the
_______ segment, a region between the axon hillock and the first glial cell.
initial
The glial cells that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord and secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid are ______.
ependymal cells
Functions of the spinal cord include what 3 things?
Conduction, locomotion, reflexes
The ______ matter of the spinal cord contains the synapses and therefore is the site of synaptic integration.
gray
The poliovirus destroys which neurons in the brainstem and anterior horn of the spinal cord?
Motor
A _____ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.
nerve
A nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers is called a(n) _______ nerve.
mixed
In which disease does sclerosis of the lateral spinal cord occur, with destruction of motor neurons?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS called?
Ganglion
Moving peripherally from the spinal cord, which anterior and posterior structures form a spinal nerve?
Roots
The somas of which neurons are found within the posterior root ganglion?
Sensory
The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses?
Cervical, lumbar, sacral
Which stimulus causes a muscle to reflexively contract?
Increased stretch
In which reflex is there a quick contraction of flexor muscles in response to a painful stimulus?
Flexor
What are the three major divisions of the brain?
Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum
Which term refers to the shallow grooves found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?
Sulci
Which term refers to the thick folds of tissue found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?
Gyri
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Which best describes the cerebral cortex?
Surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum
The brain barrier system (BBS) consists of what two things?
1) Blood-brain barrier
2) Blood-CSF barrier
Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.
Corpus callosum
