Socrative Unit 2 + other questions

Question 1

True or false: Tight junctions function primarily to prevent cells from pulling apart.

Answer 1

False; it’s to keep stuff from getting in

Question 2

The type of secretion where the entire cell dies and the cell fragments are mixed with the produced cellular substance is called a ____ secretion.

Answer 2

holocrine

Question 3

A second degree or “partial thickness burn” is when:

Answer 3

a burn is through the epidermis and part of the dermis.

Question 4

True or false: Fibrosis repairs a tissue and restores the original cells and function of the tissue.

Answer 4

False; Fibrosis replaces damaged tissue mainly with collagen. This does not restore the original function.

Question 5

This tissue is found lining the kidney tubules and functions in absorption and excretion.

Answer 5

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 6

What tissue comprises tendons and ligaments?

Answer 6

dense regular connective tissue

Question 7

True or false: Hyperplasia is the term for increased cell production in a tissue.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false: Melanin has the greatest influence on your skin tone, but hemoglobin and carotene also contribute to the final tone.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Sudoriferous glands include what types of glands

Answer 9

Apocrine and merocrine

Question 10

True or false: Merocrine gland secretions are involved in scent communication, not in thermoregulation.

Answer 10

False; that’s apocrine glands. Merocrine glands are involved in thermoregulation.

Question 11

___________________ is the most common but least dangerous type of skin cancer, and occurs in the cells of the stratum basale.

Answer 11

basal cell carcinoma

Question 12

True or false: When looking at the layers of the epidermis, everything superficial to the stratum granulosum is dead.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the _____________ of the skin.

Answer 13

reticular layer of the dermis

Question 14

Due to the force of muscle contraction and stretching from the loading of blood, heart tissue is under a lot of mechanical stress. Because of this you would not be surprised to learn that cardiac muscle cells are connected by:

Answer 14

desmosomes

Question 15

The growth of bones in length is the result of ____ ossification.

Answer 15

endochondral

Question 16

If you want to lower blood calcium, which hormone(s) will be released?

Answer 16

Calcitonin

Question 17

Because of the action of osteoblasts, which way will calcium ion concentration travel?

Answer 17

from blood to bone

Question 18

To lower blood calcium, which action might a hormone do?

Answer 18

inhibit osteoclast activity

Question 19

True or false: bones of the fingers are an example of long bones

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false: Red bone marrow is found in all bones of the adult skeleton.

Answer 20

False; primarily found in the axial skeleton

Question 21

The hardness of bone is thanks to the presence of:

Answer 21

hydroxyapatite and other minerals

Question 22

The most common bone disease/disorder is:

Answer 22

Osteoporosis

Question 23

The uniquely shaped ends of long bones are called the:

Answer 23

epiphyses

Question 24

True or false: The femur of a 5 year old child will have epiphyseal lines.

Answer 24

False; a young child would still have growth plates present.

Question 25

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 25

Patella

Question 26

The pancreas is located below/behind the stomach. What abdominal quadrant would it mostly belong in?

Answer 26

left upper

Question 27

The pancreas belongs to two different organ systems. It produces important enzymes for breakdown of food, and it produces hormones to regulate our blood glucose. These functions would place it in which two systems?

Answer 27

digestive and endocrine

Question 28

True or false: An epithelial tissue that has multiple layers of cells is more likely to be found in an area where rapid diffusion takes place.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Where would you find transitional epithelium?

Answer 29

Urinary bladder

Question 30

Which type of tissue is found on the ends of bones in most movable joints?

Answer 30

hyaline cartilage

Question 31

Which type of tissue lines the trachea and bronchi and has cilia and goblet cells?

Answer 31

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 32

What is the tissue that makes up tendons and ligaments?

Answer 32

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 33

What type of tissue is found in the epidermis?

Answer 33

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 34

Which type of receptor is found in the lower part of the dermis and detects deep touch/pressure and vibration?

Answer 34

lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Question 35

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Answer 35

stratum basale

Question 36

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of the preserved membranes of dead cells?

Answer 36

Stratum corneum

Question 37

What is the difference between thick and thin skin?

Answer 37

The presence of a stratum lucidum

Question 38

Microvilli are folds of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell/tissue. Which tissue has microvilli, and where is it found?

Answer 38

simple columnar, digestive tract

Question 39

Which tissue type has loosely scattered cells and more prominent extracellular matrix?

Answer 39

Connective

Question 40

If you injure a disk in your back, what kind of cartilage has been damaged?

Answer 40

Fibrocartilage

Question 41

In our chapter 7 notes we introduced the idea of feedback loops. Feedback loops enable the body to recognize a change, make a decision about the change, and enact responses. Let's practice recognizing the components of a feedback loop. The healthy pH range of the blood is 7.35-7.45. When you engage in strenuous exercise, muscles remove oxygen from the blood for energy processes, which lowers the blood oxygen level. At the same time, carbon dioxide blood levels climb, which lowers the blood pH. Chemical sensors in blood vessels detect these changes and send feedback to the brainstem. The brain responds by sending a signal to the muscles of respiration for increasing the rate and depth of breathing, which increases the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. As carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, the pH rises again. In this example of a feedback loop, the effector and stimulus would be:

Answer 41

Effector: the muscles of respiration Stimulus: blood pH and CO2 levels

Question 42

Which of the following is important to the healing of fractures and bone growth? a) Inner layer of periosteum b) Outer layer of periosteum c) Epiphysis d) Endosteum

Answer 42

a) Inner layer of periosteum

Question 43

What is best described as a thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining marrow cavity that contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Answer 43

Endosteum

Question 44

What is best described as the enlarged ends of long bone?

Answer 44

Epiphysis

Question 45

What is the name for the spongy middle layer of flat bone that absorbs shock?

Answer 45

Diploë

Question 46

True or false: the marrow spaces of both long and flat bones are lined with endosteum

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or false: the epiphyseal line has cartilage

Answer 47

False; when an epiphyseal plate runs out of cartilage, it becomes an epiphyseal line

Question 48

What bone disorder is characterized by a failure of cartilage growth in the metaphysis of long bones? What do people with this disorder look like?

Answer 48

Achondroplastic dwarfism; people with this disorder typically have a normal torso with short limbs.

Question 49

What bone growth disorder is characterized by small stature and normal proportions?

Answer 49

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 50

What type of growth is described as continual growth in diameter and thickness?

Answer 50

Appositional growth

Question 51

Describe areolar tissue and where it's found

Answer 51

- All 3 fibers/ 6 total cell types are found; loosely organized; abundant blood vessels; lots of empty space. - Mostly collagenous, but elastic and reticular also present - Makes up most of papillary layer of dermis. - Wraps & cushions organs: underlies epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels - Fibers run in random directions - A type of loose fibrous connective tissue found in tissue sections from almost every part of the body - Surrounds blood vessels and nerves - Nearly every epithelium rests on a layer of areolar tissue - Blood vessels provide nutrition to epithelium and waste removal - Ready supply of infection-fighting leukocytes that move about freely in areolar tissue

Question 52

Describe reticular tissue and where it's found

Answer 52

- A type of loose fibrous connective tissue that's a mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts - Forms supportive framework for lymphatic organs - Found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow

Question 53

Describe dense regular connective tissue and where it's found

Answer 53

- Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers | - Found in tendons and ligaments

Question 54

Describe dense irregular connective tissue and where it's found

Answer 54

Dense, randomly arranged, collagen fibers Withstands unpredictable stresses Locations: reticular (lower) layer of the dermis; organ capsules

Question 55

What layer of the dermis is closest to the hypodermis?

Answer 55

The reticular layer

Question 56

Describe adipose tissue and where it's found

Answer 56

- The space between adipocytes is filled by areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and blood capillaries. - Makes up much of the hypodermis - The quantity of stored triglyceride and the number of adipocytes are quite stable in a person. - Fat is recycled continuously; new triglycerides synthesized while old molecules hydrolyzed and released to blood - Functions: Energy storage, insulation, cushioning - Fat is the body’s primary form of energy storage.