Define learning
A permanent change in behaviour that is reflected in a change in performance
Define performance
A demonstration of the solving of a problem or task at a given moment in time ie. A temporary phenomenon
What is the link between learning and performance?
As learning takes place we usually see a gradual improvement in performance
Name the 3 stages of learning:
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Define the cognitive stage
The first stage of learning where the performer is new to the skill and trying to understand how to perform
Characteristics of the cognitive stage
-frequent errors/inconsistency
-high cognitive demand
-limited attention capacity
-Requires clear guidance and verbal cues
-Requires extrinsic feedback and positive reinforcement
-Movement lacks fluidity
-Lacks kinesthetics
-Visual or manual guidance
Define associative stage
The performer has grasped the basics and is refining their technique through practice
Characteristics of the associative stage
-fewer, less severe errors
-Increased coordination and timing
-Some automaticity
-Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback to correct errors- avoid habit
-More consistent
-Skill refinement
-Leaner begins to get kinaesthetic
Define Autonomous stage
The performer has mastered the skill and execution is automatic
Characteristics of autonomous stage
-Fluent, efficient, consistent
-Performed completely
-Little conscious thought
-Huge kinaesthetic awareness and feedback
-Adaptability
-Focussed on advanced tactics
-High attention capacity
What is kinaesthetic feedback
A type of intrinsic feedback that comes from sensory receptors (proprioceptors) within muscles joints and tendons
- provides info on body position, movement, force and muscle tension
