Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdominal > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What is Grey Turner’s Sign

A

discoloration of the glands due to the necrosis of blood vessels which results in hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_______- is a fluid collection that develops a well defined wall in response to enzymes

A

Pseudocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most common spleen pathology?

A

Splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F

Is the most common cause of LUQ mass splenomegaly

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diagn. these symptoms

LUQ pain and fullness

A

splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the causes of splenomegaly?

A
  1. congestion
  2. Infection
  3. neoplasm
  4. hemolytic anemia
  5. storage disease
  6. trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diag. these sonographic findings
- measures larger than 8-13 x7-8 x 6 cm
- Tip covers the lower pole of the kidney

A

Splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in splenomegaly the tip of the spleen covers the lower pole of the ________

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the imagin method of choice for splenic trauma

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 5 most common causes of trauma to the spleen? (

A
  1. MVA
  2. Sports Injuries
  3. Gunshot wounds
  4. Stab wounds
  5. Physical abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the trama symptom? (4)

A
  1. LUQ Pain
  2. Left shoulder pain
  3. Left flank pain
  4. dizziness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diag. these clinical findings.
- LUQ tenderness
- Hypotension
- decreased hemoglobin

A

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diag. these sono findings.

  • splenomegaly
  • irregular splenic border
  • hematoma
  • contusion (inhomogeneity)
  • subcapular and pericapsular fluid collection
  • LT pleural effusion
A

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 6 sonographic findings for trauma

A
  • splenomegaly
  • irregular splenic border
  • hematoma
  • contusion (inhomogeneity)
  • subcapular and pericapsular fluid collection
  • LT pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most common cause of focal splenic lesions?

A

Infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Infarct is caused by ______ of the splenic artery or any of its branches

A

occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the result of _______ almost always arise in the heart.

A

emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name symptoms of infarct

A
  • acute pain- sudden epidose of infarction

- asymptomatic-old infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name sono. findings of infarct?

A
  • early infarcts may be hypoechoic or isoechoic

- older infarct appear hypoechoic or hyperechoic depending on the amount of fibrosis and organized clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name the two classifications of splenic cyst

A

true or primary cyst

secondary or pseudocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

primary cyst are more common in ?

A

females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

primary cyst are associated with what disease?

A

polycystic kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Secondary cyst are usually associated with_______

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F

patients with secondary cyst always recall the trauma and are diagnosed quickly?

A

False

the patient may not recall the trauma, and may go undiagnosed for years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Secondary cyst are also caused by?

A

infection, parasite infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the only parasite that forms splenic cyst?

A

echinococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Echinococcus is the only parasite that forms splenic cyst. Appears as an _______lesion with possible ________ cyst and calcification or as a _______ mass with fine internal echoes

A

anechoic, daughter, solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sono findings

  • hypoechoic or anechoic lesion
  • well defined walls
  • through transmission
  • may have internal echoes or debris
  • hemorrhage may produce a fluid level
A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Are calcification common and usually an incidental findings?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Calcifications generally resultr from ?

A

healed granulomas and show hyperechoic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the most common cause of a granuloma

A

histoplasmosis and TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T or F

Are abscesses relatively uncommon and usually singular?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is an abscess caused by?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A patient with sickle cell anemia, the abscess formation is often cause by_________?

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T or F

A damaged spleen provides a good culture medium

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

______ trauma predisposes it to abscess formation

A

Blunt

37
Q

Obese patients are also at increased risk for ________ ________.

A

abscess formation

38
Q

diag. these symptoms
- vague
- fever
- abdominal pain
- luekocytosis

A

Abscesses

39
Q

what is the complications of abscesses?

A

high mortality rate because diagnosis is often delayed

40
Q

Sono findings

  • cystic, solid or complex
  • in early stages they may appear hyperechoic and may produce posterior shadowing from gas forming organisms
  • over time they tend to liuefy and may even calcify
A

abscess

41
Q

what is the treatment for abscess

A
  • IV antibiotic therapy

- percutaneous drainage with US or CT guidance

42
Q

What is the 2 rare benign primary neoplasm?

A

hamartoma, cavernous hemangioma

43
Q

hamartoma has _____ and ______ components

A

solid and cystic(hyperechoic & well defined)

44
Q

T of F

Hamartoma symptoms are RUQ pain

A

False

hamartoma has NO symptoms

45
Q

what disease may lead to anemia and infection

A

cavernous hemangioma

46
Q

cavernous hemangioma has a chance of _______ ________.

A

splenic rupture

47
Q

Cavernous hemangioma has no symptoms unless the spleen ________

A

enlarges

48
Q

Diag. sono findings

  • large inhomogeneous mass with multiple, small hypoechoic areas
  • mixed appearences
  • may see infarction with coagulated blood
A

cavernous hemangioma

49
Q

what is the rare malignant primary neoplasm

A

angiosarcoma

50
Q

angiosarcoma arises from the ______ _______

A

vascular epithelium

51
Q

what disease presents sonographically as a complex or solid mass?

A

angiosarcoma

52
Q

The spleen is often involved in cases of _______or ________

A

lymphoma or leukemia

53
Q

what is the most common malignant disease of the spleen?

A

lymphoma

54
Q

T or F

Malignant disease of the spleen are difficult to detect?

A

True

55
Q

Lymphoma is classified as _____ or ________

A

Hodgkin or non-hodgkin lymphoma

56
Q

which is not easily managed and more common?

Non- Hodgkin or Hodgkin

A

Non Hodgkin

57
Q

what is the microscopic difference between hodgkin or non-hodgkin?

A
  • can be treated and carries a high recovery rate

- presence of Reed-sternberg cells indicates Hodgkin

58
Q

what are the most common primary of metastases?

A

breast
lung
skin
ovary

59
Q

what type of aneurysm is rare but life threatening?

A

splenic artery aneurysm

60
Q

what is the clinical symptoms of splenic artery aneurysm?

A
  • usually asymptomatic

- discomfort in LUQ, shoulder pain, nausea/vomiting

61
Q

what are the predisposing factors of splenic artery aneurysm?

A 
aterosclerosis
infective emboli
infections
trauma
portal hypertension
females of child bearing age
62
Q

what are the sonographic appearence of splenic artery aneurysn?

A
  • cystic mass in area of splenic artery
  • To rule out-trace artery from bifurcation at celiac axis to hilum of spleen or area where cystic mass is seen
  • doppler may be used to determine artery or pseudocyst
  • walls may be calicfied and will be visualized in LUQ in radiograph, if calcified difficult to diagnose aneurysm
63
Q

What is angiosarcoma?

A

a rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels

64
Q

What is Epstein-Barr infection?

A

a herpes virus that can lead to infectious mononucleous

65
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

the process of making RBCs

66
Q

What is red pulp

A

specialized tissue within the spleen that performs its phagocytic function

67
Q

What is white pulp?

A

specialized lymphatic tissue within the spleen

68
Q

T/F: spleen is retroperitoneal?

A

False: spleen is intraperitoneal

69
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

spleen

70
Q

When does the spleen begin to develop in gestation?

A

5th week

71
Q

What is the spleen responsible for in the fetus?

A

erthryopoiesis

72
Q

In childhood what is the spleen used for?

A

protection against deadly infection

73
Q

What does the spleen do in adults?

A

produces lymphocytes and monocytes

74
Q

What is extramedulary hematopoiesis?

A

when the spleen’s hematopoietic function can return in cases of severe anemia

75
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

engulf and destroy pathogens

76
Q

What is culling?

A

spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream and retains them

77
Q

What is pitting?

A

cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material

78
Q

The splenic artery branches off of?

A

celiac trunk

79
Q

IS the splenic artery ant/sup or post/inf to the splenic vein at the hilum?

A

ant/sup

80
Q

T/F: The spleen is best visualized with deep inspiration?

A

True!!

81
Q

How does the spleen compare to the liver sonographically?

A

isoechoic to liver, or slightly less echogenic

82
Q

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly?

A

portal hypertension

83
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the spleen?

A

hemangioma

84
Q

Small echogenic foci (may shadow)of the spleen most often represent

A

granulomas

85
Q

All of the following are splenic functions except:

a. storage of iron
b. defense against disease
c. blood reservoir
d. destruction of phagocytic cells

A

D. destruction of phagocytic cells

86
Q

Estein-Barr infection is best described as

A

a herpesvirus that can lead to infectious mononucleousis in children

87
Q

What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body?

A

Sarcoidosis

88
Q

T/F: the spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border

A

False

89
Q

The splenic vein joins with what structure posterior to the pancreatic neck to form the portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein

Abdominal (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions