staph Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Is staphylococcus gram positive cocci?
A
yes
2
Q
is neisseria gram positive cocci?
A
no
3
Q
is moraxella gram positive cocci?
A
no
4
Q
is veillonella gram positive cocci?
A
no
5
Q
is streptococcus gram positive vocci?
A
yes
6
Q
is micrococcus gram positive cocci?
A
yes
7
Q
morphologically round in shape and is color violet/purple
A
gram positive cocci
8
Q
is a biological kingdom that is made up of
prokaryotes, particularly bacteria. it lacks nucleus
A
monera
9
Q
small pinpoint colonies
A
steptrococcus
10
Q
appears in cluster
A
staphylococcus
11
Q
obligate aerobe
A
micrococcus
12
Q
facultative anaerobe
A
streptococcus, and staph
13
Q
medium large, pinhead colonies
A
staphylococcus
14
Q
small-medium colonies, not pinhead, not pin-oint
A
micrococcusq
15
Q
non hemolytic genus
A
micrococcus
16
Q
beta-hemolytic genus
A
staphylococcus
17
Q
alpha, beta, gamma hemolysis
A
streptococcus
18
Q
among the three’ micrococcus, staph and strep. Which are the catalase positive and catalase negative
A
catalase positive are the micrococcus and staphylococcus
catalase negative is streptococcus
19
Q
the genus staphylococcus is deriveed from the greek word __ meaning braches of grapes
A
staphle
20
Q
among the staphs, which are the only pathogenic to human that is COAGULASE POSITIVE
A
Staphylococcus Aureus
21
Q
staphylococcus:
golden-yellow colonies; pathogenic
A
S. Aureus
22
Q
staphylococcus:
white pigment, a chromogenic opportunistic pathogen
A
S. citreus
23
Q
staphylococcus:
white pigment only
A
S. albus
24
Q
staphylococcus:
animal pathogen
A
S. hyicus
25
staphylococcus:
predominant normal flora on the skin;leading cause of iantrogenic infection
S. epidermis
26
this staph has been associated with intravascular catheters, csf fluid shunts, and other prosthetic devices
S.epidermidis
27
a common cause of healthcare acquired UTI
S.epidermidis
28
staphylococcus:
opportunistic pathogen; normal flora of skin that is frequently cause of UTI in young women, abortion/miscarriages
S. saprophyticus
29
this species of staph adheres more effectively to the epithelial cells lining the urogenital tract than other CONS
S.saprophyticus
30
this specie is more virulent than other CoNS as it has the mecA gene and is cause by both community-associated and hospital acquired infections
S.lugdunensis
31
the pathogenicity of this Staph specie is more closely related to S.aureus other than the other CoNS
S.lugdunensis
32
staphylococcus:
recovered in wounds, bacteremia, endocarditis, and UTIs
S. haemolyticus
33
most commonly isolated CoNS
S.haemolyticus
34
Common inhabitant of the skin and mucous
membranes, responsible for several suppurative
infections
staphylococcus
35
Gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive
staphy and micro
36
Spherical cells arranged in irregular clusters, appear
singly, in pairs
staphy
37
is staphy motile?
No, it cannot move
38
is staphy spore forming?
no
39
In staphy, aerobic or facultative anaerobic except for one specie that is obligate anaerobe. What is it
S. saccharolyticus
40
describe the colony of staph
"buttery looking", cream colored, medium sized of 4-8 mm, white and rarely gold
41
Is the most dangerous of all the many common
staphylococcal bacteria.
S. aureus
42
coagulase postive of staph
S. aureus
43
It causes various cutaneous infections and purulent
abscesses.
- These cutaneous infections can progress to
deeper abscesses involving other organ systems
and produce bacteremia and septicemia.
s. aureus
44
S. lugdunensis and S. schleiferi –
mistaken as coagulase positive
staphylococci because of the presence of
clumping factor
45
virulence factors of s.aureus
cytolytic toxins
-hemolysin
enterotoxins
toxic shock syndrome
epidermolytic toxin (exfoliative toxin)
fibrolysin/staphylokinase
protein a and polysaccharide a
staphylocoagulase
hyaluronidase
lipase
dnase
46
hemolysin belongs to cytolytic toxins. hemolysin compoosed of alpha, betta, gamma. and delta. it primary destroys what?
RBC liberating hemoglobin
47
hemolysin that damage platelets and
macrophages and can cause severe tissue
damage
alpha hemolysis
48
beta hemolysin is also known as
sphingomyelinase C
49
acts on the
sphingomyelin in plasma membrane of
erythrocytes and is also called as the HOT COLD LYSINE
beta hemolysin or SPHINGOMYELINASE C
50
another type of cytolytic toxins that is primary for rupturing WBC, it is called
panton-valentine toxin/leukocidin
51
are responsible for the manifestations of staphylococcal food poisoning; heat stable; it has A, B, and Da
enterotoxin
52
which enterotoxins of staph aureus is responsible for TSS
BCGI
53
virulence factor of staphylococcus aureus that is heat stable and is responsible for diarrhea and vomitting
enterotoxins
54
a virulence factor that causes toxic shock
syndrome a Severe and often fatal disorder
characterized by multiple organ dysfunction
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSTT-1)
55
Formerly known as Enterotoxin F and pyrogenic exotoxin C
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSTT-1)
56
is a superantigen, stimulating T cell proliferation and subsequent production of a large number of cytokines that are responsible for the symptoms, which activates an aggressive, overreactive immune system
toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 or enterotoxin F
57
Responsible for the staphylococcal scalded skin
syndrome (SSS) someti
Epidermolytic Toxin (Exfoliative Toxin)
58
SSS is also called as
ritter disease
59
causes epidermal layer of the skin to slough off and are known to cause SSS
exfoliative toxin
60
this toxin has also been impilicated in bullous impetigo
exfoliative toxin
61
staph aureus produces how and what hemolysin
4 - alpha, beta, gamma, delta
62
why do b hemolysin is called as hot and cold hemolysin
its hemolytic activity is can be enhanced in incubation of 37*C and subsequent exposure to cold 4*C
63
this type of hemolysin is only found in association with PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN
gamma hemolysin
y-hemolysin
64
the least toxic among the hemolysin of staph
delta hemolysin
65
is an exotoxin lethal to polymorphonuclear leukocytes
panton valentine leukocidin
causes invasiveness of the organism by suppressing phagocytosis
66
- responsible for lysin clot
- activates plasminogen to form plasmin which
digests the vibrant clots
Fibrolysin/Staphylokinase
67
block phagocytosis and negate the protective effect of the G (IgG)
Protein A and Polysaccharide A
68
how do protein A works
it binds the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin blocking phagocytosis
69
this enzyme is responsible for their spread through connective tissue
hyaluronidase
70
71
this enzyme degrades lipids on skin surface, making it more susceptible to bacterial entry into epidermal layers
lipase
72
altered membrane binding protein resulting in resistance to some b lactam antibiotics
penicillin binding protein 2
73
is a relatively mild inflammation of hair
follicle or oil gland; infected area is raised and red
Folliculitis
74
extension of folliculitis; large, raised and
superficial abscess
- in tagalog it is called pigsa
furuncles (boils)
75
- cluster of boils
- often present with fever and chills indicating that
the infection is spread systemically or in the blood
carbuncles
76
larger than streptococcal non-bullous impetigo;
surrounded by a small zone of erythema
Bullous impetigo
77
- is highly contagious infection that is easily spread by
direct contact, fomites or auto inoculation
Bullous impetigo
78
bullous impetigo is also called as
impetigo contagiosa
79
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
- Is a toxin with gated acute life-threatening illness
caused by the
enterotoxin F.
80
affects menstruating women especially those
who use super absorbent tampons the body
responds with a sharp drop in blood pressure that
deprives the organs of oxygen and can lead to
death.
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
81
Fatal, multisystem disease characterized by
sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea,
muscle aches and rash (predominantly on the
trunk)
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
82
produced by the
staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the
disease scalded skin syndrome
Exfoliative Diseases
- Epidermolytic toxin
83
The toxin is metabolized and excreted by the kidneys and investigators believe this may be the reason why the incidence of SSS is higher
among children younger than five years old and among adults with chronic renal failure and
impaired immune system
epidermolytic toxin (Exfoliative Diseases)
84
is it correct that the cause of food poisoning by staph aureus is bu the ingestion of a toxin formed outside the body and not inside?
yes, outside
due to improper handling of foods
the individual ingest the food contaminated with enterotoxin and becomes ill
85
do foods with enterotoxin B,A,D has foul smell and taste?
naur, walang amoy panis at lasa kaya di malalaman if may toxin ni staph
86
the best sample for staphyloccus aureusq
aspirate sample, a single swab would be less satisfactory for bith culture and smear results
87
or large gram positive cocci usually
arranged in tetrads or in pairs
Micrococcus
88
produce golden-yellow
(aureus) pigment (staphyloxanthin)
- White-colony strains of S. aureus are
fully virulent. according to the characteristics, where does s.sureus cultured
nutrient agar
89
identification of S. aureus in MIXED CULTURES
Phenolphthalein Phosphate Agar (PPA)
90
small- to medium-sized,
nonhemolytic, gray-to-white colonies; some weakly
hemolytic
S. epidermis
91
slightly larger colonies, with about
50% of the strains producing a yellow pigment
s. saprophyticus
92
medium sized colonies, with
moderate or weak hemolysis and variable pigment
production
s. haemolyticus
93
demonstrate the presence of catalase
an enzyme that catalyzes the release of oxygen from
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
catalase test
94
reagent used in catalase test
3% H2O2 is used for the routine culture
- While 15% hydrogen peroxide is used for the
detection of catalase in an aerobe.
95
positive result of catalase test
bubbles formation or effervescence
96
Best single pathogenicity test for staphylococcus
coagulase (slide or tube method)
97
is a biochemical test that is used
to differentiate staphylococcus aureus from other
staphylococci species
Coagulase test
98
positive relut in slide method (screening test) for coagulation
agglutination
99
Because about five percent
of staphylococcus aureus organisms do not produce
clamping factors any negatives like coagulase test results
must be confirmed with the .
tube method
100
hrs of incubation for tube method
2 hrs then 4 then 24 hrs
101
uses Hugh and Leifson’s Medium
Oxidation-Fermentation (O/F) Reactions
102
, meaning
absence it will not produce acid in either of
the tube
Asaccharolytic organism
103
Modified Oxidase Test
- Active Chemical component is )_______
Tetra-methyl-paraphenylene diamine dihydrochloride
104
in modified-oxidase test (+) = blue to purple to black complex
[Micrococci]
105
positive result and indicator of mannitol fermentation
yellow and phenol red
106
positive result and indicator of mannitol fermentation
yellow agar and phenol red
107
Gelatinases are proteases secreted
extracellularly by some bacteria which hydrolyze
or digest gelatin.
Gelatin Liquefaction/Hydrolysis Test
108
Staphylococcus ____ is
resistant to novobiocin whereas most other coNs
are susceptible
saprophyticus
109
most common cause of prosthetic valce endocarditis
S. epidermis
110
UTIs in young women
Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
111
Staphylococcus has been known to contain the gene
MECA that encodes oxacillin resistance
S. lugdunensis
112
Cloxacillin, oxacillin, flucloxacillin
are used as
penicillinase resistant penicillin.
113
(vancomycin or teicoplanin) are the
agents of choice in the treatment of systemic infection, but
these agents are expensive and may be toxic.
glycopeptides
114
is responsible for several difficult to treat
infections in humans. It is sometimes called the
superbug..
Methylene resistant staphylococcus aureus
115
such as
the oxacillin resistance screening agar can be
used as a screening test for MRSA in clinical
samples
an oxacillin-salt agar plate
116
117
is a better inducer of mecA mediated
resistance.
Cefoxitin
118
is a drug of choice and sometimes the only
drug available for serious staphylococcal infections
Vancomycin
119
a macrolide, is frequently used in
staphylococcal skin infections; additional testing using a
modified double disk diffusion test (D-zone test) might be
useful
clindamycin
120
Only two species, Micrococcus ____and Micrococcus
___, remain in the genus.
luteus, lylae
