STREPTOCOCCUS

Question 1

Inhabit various sites, notably the upper respiratory
tract, and live harmlessly as commensals.

Answer 1

Streptococcus and Enterococcus

Question 2

mode of respiration of strep and enterococcus

Answer 2

facultative anaerobes
aerotolerant anaerobes since then can tolerate oxygen but not use it

Question 3

compared with the cells of other gram positive cocci, thos of enterococci and some streptococcie appear more what shape

Answer 3

elongated than spherical

bilog si staph
elongated si strep

Question 4

describe the catalase, oxidase, and gas producion of strep

Answer 4

negative

Question 5

More pronounced growth on media enriched with
blood or serum

Answer 5

Streptococcus

Question 6

This classification scheme was developed in
the 1930s

Answer 6

Rebecca Lancefield.

Question 7

Produces a zone of partial hemolysis with a greenish
discoloration around the colonies on blood agar
● Streptococci producing α-hemolysis are also known as

Answer 7

Alpha-hemolytic (α) Streptococci

Question 8

Produces a complete hemolysis
- Sharply defined, clear, colorless zone of hemolysis around the colony induced by bacterial hemolysins
- No red blood cell is visible on microscopic examination in the clear zone of complete hemolysis

Answer 8

ß-hemolysis

Question 9

THIS TYPE OF HEMOLYSIS constitutes the principal marker for
potentially pathogenic streptococci in cultures of throat
swabs or other clinical samples.

Answer 9

ß-hemolysis

Question 10

● Produce no hemolysis on blood agar

Answer 10

Gamma (γ) or Non-hemolytic Streptococci

Question 11

is an important organism of Gamma (γ) or Non-hemolytic Streptococci

Answer 11

Enterococcus faecalis

Question 12

beta h members

Answer 12

S. equisimilis
S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae
E. faealis

BET ko ang Payo ni Aga

BETa
Payo-pyogenes
Aga- agalacteciae

Question 13

this groupings is based on the serological properties of the streptococci and their own antigenic C carbohydrrate

Answer 13

A, B, C, D, and G Lancefield Grouping

Question 14

what are the genus not included in the lancefield groupings

Answer 14

viridans and S.pneumoniae

Question 15

group a lancefield

Answer 15

pyogenes

Question 16

group b lancefield

Answer 16

agalactiae

Question 17

group c lancefield

Answer 17

s.equisimilis, equi, dysogalactiae, zoopidimidus

Question 18

group d lancefield

Answer 18

enteroccoci, non entero

Question 19

the group grows best at 37°C.

Answer 19

Pyogenic,

Question 20

species under Pyogenic group

Answer 20

pyogenes
agalactiae
dysgalactiae
anginosus

Question 21

group grows at all temperatures

Answer 21

Entero

Question 22

group grows best at 10°C and 37°C,
but does not grow at 45°C

Answer 22

Lactic

Question 23

group grows best at 45°C and 37°C,
but does not grow at 10°C

Answer 23

viridans

Question 24

part of cell wall of strep; antiphagocytic and essential for virulence and adherence of the bacterial cell to mucosal cells

Answer 24

m protein

Question 25

m protein is encoded by what gene

Answer 25

emm gene

Question 26

(oxygen labile) - highly immunogenic; measured using ASO (antistreptolysin O) test

Answer 26

Streptolysin O

Question 27

is responsible for hemolysis on SBA incubate anaerobically

Answer 27

Streptolysin O

Question 28

very immunogenic, and lyses leukocytes, platelets, and other cells as well as RBCs

Answer 28

Streptolysin O

Question 29

(oxygen stable) - nonimmunogenic

Answer 29

Streptolysin S

Question 30

the hemolysis found in incubated colonies `aerobically` is caused by streptolysin ____

Answer 30

S - stable - Streptolysin S kaya kasi niya itolerate si oxygen that's why it's for aerobic

Question 31

M-protein is genes of what strep specie

Answer 31

s.pyogenes

Question 32

group A streptococcus cause lysis of fibrin clots through the action of _____ in plasminogen

Answer 32

streptokinase

Question 33

the spreading factor of streptococcus, an enzyme that solubilizes the ground substance of mammalian connective tissues (hyaluronic acid)

Answer 33

hyaluronidase

Question 34

formerly called erythrogenic toxin; causes Scarlet Fever

Answer 34

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

Question 35

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

Answer 35

Nephrogenic toxin

Question 36

camp factor produced by; heat stable protein; enhances the beta-hemolysis of staph. aureus

Answer 36

S. agalactiae

Question 37

small, transparent and smooth; beta-hemolytic; when grows in sheep's blood agar

Answer 37

S. pyogenes

Question 38

grayish white mucoid colonies; beta-hemolytic (small zone)

Answer 38

S. agalactiae

Question 39

The __test is a particularly important test used to determine whether the gram positive cocci is a staphylococci or a streptococci.

Answer 39

catalase

Question 40

Differentiates Group A Streptococci from other Streptococci

Answer 40

Bacitracin Susceptibility Test (Taxo A)

Question 41

Positive: arrowhead hemolysis [Group B Strep] or bowtie appearance [S. agalactiae]

Answer 41

camp test

Question 42

Positive: Cherry Red/Pink ● Test for Group A and Group D Streptococci test is useful in the identification of group A, beta hemolytic streptococci and the streptococcus pyogenes.

Answer 42

PYR hydrolysis

Question 43

● Test for Group B Streptococci ● Medium: Broth with hippurate ● Positive: Purple (S. agalactiae)

Answer 43

Hippurate Test

Question 44

indicator of hippurate glycine is oxidated by this which turns the broth purple

Answer 44

ninhydrin

Question 45

● Positive: blackening of medium [Group D] ● Differentiate Group D from Beta-hemolytic is widely used for the differentiation of enterococci and group B streptococci which are bile tolerant and can hydrolyze esculin to esculetin with the help of the enzymes esculinase from non-group D viridans groups streptococci which grow poorly on bile

Answer 45

Bile Esculin Tes

Question 46

● Further test from Bile Esculin Test ● To identify Enterococci ● Positive: Turbid [Enterococci] ● Negative: Clear/Transparent [Non-enterococci]

Answer 46

Salt Tolerance Test (6.5% NaCl)

Question 47

● Reagent: paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent ● Positive color: Red color this test identify which group

Answer 47

● Positive: Viridans Streptococci

Question 48

based from the previous question, which test is conducted

Answer 48

Leucine Aminopeptidase Test

Question 49

SXT or sulfamethoxazole this susceptibility test in conjunction with bacitracin is used for the presumptive identification of beta hemolytic streptococci on blood agar. The resistance of sulfamethoxazole is used for the primary recovery of group ________streptococci from specimens with mixed culture

Answer 49

A and B

Question 50

BACTERIAL PHARYNGITIS ● The most common clinical manifestations of streptococcus pyogenes are __ and ___

Answer 50

pharyngitis or “Strep throat” and tonsillitis.

Question 51

sequelae of S. pyogenes infection

Answer 51

rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

Question 52

a localized skin disease, begins as small (`nonbullous`) vesicles that progress to weeping lesions inoculation of organisms through minor abrasions or insect bites

Answer 52

impetigo

Question 53

- followed by deeper invasion of streptococci; life-threatening; with bacteremia or sepsis Patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes. This condition leads to gangrene

Answer 53

cellulitis

Question 54

s a rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues observed frequently in elderly patients characterized by an acute spreading of skin lesion that is intensely erythematous with a plainly demarcated but irregular edge

Answer 54

Erysipelas

Question 55

- cause by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin - Diffuse red rash on upper chest and spreads to the trunk and extremities - Infection with strains of streptococcus pyogenes that produce streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins can result in

Answer 55

scarlet fever

Question 56

streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin is also known as

Answer 56

erythrogenic toxins

Question 57

“Flesh-eating disease or syndrome”, “Suppurative fasciitis”, “Hospital gangrene”, “Necrotizing erysipelas” ● An invasive infection characterized by rapidly progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia

Answer 57

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS

Question 58

characterized by fever, inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels, and subcutaneous tissues

Answer 58

rheumatic fever

Question 59

pathogenesis of rheumatic fever

Answer 59

cross reactivity of streptococcal antigens and heart tissue

Question 60

in some instances, antibodies from streptococcal sequelae can cross react with the brain to produce a neurologic manifestation of acute rheumatic fever called

Answer 60

sydenham chorea

Question 61

A condition in which the entire organ system collapses, leading to death Caused by a type of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin – SpeA

Answer 61

STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

Question 62

● GAS are susceptible to (drug of choice for treatment)

Answer 62

penicillin

Question 63

If allergic to penicillin -

Answer 63

erythromycin will do

Question 64

● Todd-Hewith Broth ● Significant cause of invasive disease in newborn

Answer 64

● Todd-Hewith Broth ● Significant cause of invasive disease in newborn

Question 65

Ends of the cells are slightly pointed (oval or lancet shape) BHIA, TSA with 5% sheep RBCs or Chocolate Agar are necessary for good growth - SBA – large zone of alpha-hemolysis

Answer 65

S. pneumoniae

Question 66

GBS or S.agalacteiae were known for many years as the cuase of __

Answer 66

mastitis in cattle

Question 67

the leading cause of death in infants in the US

Answer 67

GBS

Question 68

the most important determining factir in early-onset infection is the presence of GBS in the ____

Answer 68

vagina of the mother

Question 69

drug of choice for GBS

Answer 69

penicillin

Question 70

colonies of Agalacteiae

Answer 70

grayish white mucoid colonies

Question 71

the term ___- means green, referring to the alpha hemolysis of many species exhibit

Answer 71

viridans

Question 72

important human pathogen that causes pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, bacteremia, meningitis, and rusty sputum

Answer 72

S. pneumonia

Question 73

pneumonia resulting from S.pneumoniae is not usually a primary infection but rather a result of disturbance of the normal defense barriers true or false

Answer 73

truelala

Question 74

___ streptococci are oropharyngeal commensals that are regarded as opportunistic pathogens

Answer 74

viridans

Question 75

are the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis, a condition associated with transient bacteremia

Answer 75

viridance streptococci

Question 76

PYR and Leucine aminopeptidase of Viridans

Answer 76

positive

Question 77

is consists of gram-positive cocci that are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tracts of human and animals

Answer 77

enterococcus

Question 78

descrbe the PYR and bile esculin of enterococcus

Answer 78

both positive