Staphylococcus + Streptococcus Flashcards
1
Q
cluster forming which one ?
A
staphylococcus
2
Q
coagulase + ??/
A
s aureus
3
Q
chain forming which one ?
A
streptococcus
4
Q
Coagulase - ?
A
S epidermidis
\
s saprophyticus
5
Q
novobiocin sensitivity test
sensitive which one ?
A
S epidermidis
6
Q
N B test resistant ?
A
S saprophyticus
7
Q
golden colour Staphylococcus which one ?
A
S aureus
8
Q
S albus colour /
A
white
9
Q
arrangement - why ? Grape like cluster ?
A
multiply in different planes
10
Q
resistant to which drugs ?
A
beta lactamase drug
penicillin
cephalosporins
11
Q
why drug resistant ?
A
Staphylococcus produce beta lactamase
12
Q
Staphylococcus vs Steptococcus on the basis of bio-chemical test ?
A
Staphylococcus catalase +
they are not
staphylococcus coagulase +
they are not
13
Q
toxins of staphylococcus?
A
enterotoxin
toxic shock syndrome toxin
exfoliatin / epidermolytic toxin
leukocidin
haemolysin
14
Q
types of leukocidin ?
A
alpha toxin
panton - valentine leukocidin
15
Q
virulence factors of staphylococcus??
A
invasiveness
cell wall components
-protein A
-teichoic acid s
-peptidoglycan
-polysaccharide capsule
16
Q
toxin mediated disease by staphylococcus?
A
food poisoning
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
17
Q
pyogenic disease by staphylococcus?
A
skin infections
abscesses
speticemia
surgical wound infection
impetigo
folliculitis
SSTI
bacterial conjunctivitis
18
Q
staphylococcus food poisoning pathogenesis ?
A
149
19
Q
TSS by staphylococcus kader hoy ?
A
tampon using menstruating women
wound infections
nasal packing
20
Q
why Staphylococcus pus thick & creamy ?
A
less activity of staphylococcal DNAse
presence of coagulase
21
Q
clinical features of SSS by staphylococcus? 151
A
fever
large bullae
erythematous macular rash
widespread desquamation
hair and nail lost
22
Q
streptococcus pus thin ?
A
DNAse cause more liquefaction of pus
make the pus = thin & watery
23
Q
why MRSA ??
A
altered Penicillin binding proteins
24
Q
Tx of MRSA ?
A
vancomycin
daptomycin
gentamicin
25
NRSA ?
nafcillin resistant S a
26
VISA ?
Vancomycin intermediate S a
27
VRSA ?
Vancomycin resistant S a
28
MRSA ??
Methicillin resistant S a
29
how drug resistance of S a procudes ?
plasmid of S a
encode Beta lactamase - degrade penicillin + beta lactamase drugs
encode gene for transport protein
by L form formation
30
selective media of staphylococcus?
mannitol salt agar
chapmans agar
31
mannitol fermentation of S a ?
can ferment
32
Lab Dx of Staphylococcus?
155
33
type of nutrient agar media ?
solid + basic
34
sterilization of nutreint agar ?
autoclave
35
culkture of Staphylococcus?
blood agar
nutrient agar media
36
type of blood agar media ?
enriched
indicator
solid
37
why indicator Blood agar media ?
haemolytic properties of organism
38
why blood agar enriched >
presence of blood
39
componenets of bllod agar media ?
nutrient agar
blood
40
blood from whom ?
ox/sheep
41
sterilization of blood agar >
N agar - autoclave
blood is collected aseptically
added to the melted N agar at
45-50 with aseptic precaution
42
how chocolate agar media ?
bllod agar media ---- 70-80 degree C
43
Basal media example ?
peptone water
N agar
N broth
44
how peptone water is prepared?
peptone 1 %
NaCl 0.5%
45
how N agar is made >
N broth + 2.5% agar
46
how N broth >
peptone water + meat extract
47
why not human blood ?
human blood may contain some growth inhibitory substances - AB
48
heated blood agar media name ?
chocolate agar media
49
C agar media which Bacteria <>
pneumococcus
gonococcus
meningococcus
haemophilus
50
what is the nutrient condition in C agar media ?
N are more available due to blood lysis
51
type of C gar media ?
solid
enriched
52
how blood is collected ?
jugular vein
venupuncture
53
blood culture indication ?
2P SEO MB
PUO
pneumonia
septicemia
enteric fever
osteomyeliutis
meningitis
brucellosis
54
which S is oppotunistic pathogen>
S epidermidis
55
all Staphylococcus differentiate ??
160
56
pus forming bacteria ?
S pyogens
S a
e coli
pseudomonas
enterococcus
57
alpha hemolytic example ?
streptococcus viridans
s penumoniae
58
beta hemolytic example ?
s pyogens
s agalactiae
59
basis of lancefield classification of beta-hemolytic ?
C-carbohydate
60
lancefield classification group ------
A--------U
(I +J nai )
61
media used for bllod culture >
tryptic soya
diphasic tryptic soya medium
bile salt broth with or withour gention violet
thioglycolate broth
62
what is Broth ??
broth refers to a liquid culture medium used in microbiology to grow and support the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria
* Examples of broth media include:
Nutrient broth: A general-purpose medium for growing non-fastidious bacteria.
Tryptic soy broth: A rich medium for cultivating a wide range of bacteria.
Selective broths: Contain additives like salts or antibiotics to inhibit the growth of unwanted organisms while promoting the growth of target bacteria.
63
honeymoon cystitis occured by ??
s saprophyticus
64
group-A beta haemolytic streptocci type basis ?
M protien
65
types of grpoip-A beta H streptococcus?
rheumatogenic
nephritogenic
66
why streptococcus shape - chain ?
divide in single axis
67
immunogenic disease caused by S >
rheumatic fever
AGN
68
Toxigenic disease ?
scarlet fever
toxic shock syndrome
necrotizing fascitis
69
flesh eating bacteria in which disease ?
necrotizing fascitis
70
pyogenic disease by streptococcus?
sore throat
tonsilitis
phrayngitis '
sunusitis
meningitis
puerperal sepsis
endometritis
cellulitis
neonatal sepsis
endocarditis
71
scarlet fever toungue appearance?
strawberry tongue
72
streptococcus VS staphylococcus?
167
73
colony size of streptococcus?
pin point
74
colony size of staphylococcus?
pin head
75
alpha hemolytic appearance?
green zone
incomplet/partial hemolysis
76
beta hemolytic apperance ?
clear zone
complete hemolyysis
77
rheumatic fever hypersensitivity type >?
2
78
RF pathophysiology?
168
78
myocardial sarcolema ??
cell membrane
79
heart valve glycoprotein bind with ab againts which psrt of s ?
capsule
80
cardiaL myosin ??
M protein
81
AGN hypersensitivity type ?
3
82
pathophysiology of AGN ?
170
83
Microscopic view of S ?
blue cocci
red background
84
lab dx >
171
85
inc ASO titer in which D ?
RF
86
which M type cause AGN <
49
87
WHICH M type cause RF <
not related
88
why S aurues this name ?
aueus - aura theke nam
Gold er nam
dekhteo golden yellow
89
incubation period of staphyloccoccal food poisoning >
1-8 hrs
90
why staphylococcal antigen called superantigen while food poisoning ?
as they release IL-1 & 2 from macrophage & Th cell with in GIT a& initiate immune response
91
which type of hemolysis in staphylococcus ?
Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are known to produce hemolysins that cause beta-hemolysis on blood agar
92
S saprophyticus disease <
UTI
honeymoon cystitis
93
Nasal pack jara use kore tader ki advice dibo ?
frequently change korte hobe
94
why nasal packing a change <<>
toxic shock syndrome
95
what is hemolysis ?
**Hemolysis** is the destruction of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin.
96
streptococcus agalactiae
*Streptococcus agalactiae* (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) causes **neonatal infections** (sepsis, meningitis) and **adult infections** (bacteremia, UTIs, soft tissue infections). It is a major pathogen in newborns and immunocompromised individuals.
97
colony colour of staphylococcus?
The colony color of *Staphylococcus* species, particularly *Staphylococcus aureus*, is typically **golden yellow** due to the production of **staphyloxanthin**, a carotenoid pigment. Other *Staphylococcus* species, such as *Staphylococcus epidermidis*, usually form **white or off-white colonies** as they are non-pigmented.
98
ar karo ki H cystitis hote pare ???
Certain individuals are more prone to developing **honeymoon cystitis** (UTIs related to sexual activity) due to anatomical, behavioral, or physiological factors. Here are the groups most at risk:
---
1. **Women**
- **Why**: Women have a shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel to the bladder.
- **Higher Risk Groups**:
- **Newly Sexually Active Women**: Increased sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
- **Postmenopausal Women**: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract, making it more susceptible to infections.
- **Women Using Certain Contraceptives**: Diaphragms or spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
---
2. **Individuals with a History of UTIs**
- Those who have had UTIs in the past are more likely to experience recurrent infections, including honeymoon cystitis.
---
3. **Individuals with Poor Hygiene Practices**
- Improper wiping techniques (e.g., wiping back to front) can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
- Not urinating before or after sexual activity can also increase the risk.
---
4. **People with Anatomical Abnormalities**
- Structural issues in the urinary tract (e.g., kidney stones, urethral strictures) can make someone more prone to UTIs.
---
5. **Individuals with Weakened Immune Systems**
- Conditions like diabetes, HIV, or other immune-suppressing illnesses can increase susceptibility to infections.
---
6. **Sexually Active Individuals**
- Increased sexual activity, especially with new partners, can raise the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract.
---
7. **Pregnant Women**
- Hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder during pregnancy can increase the risk of UTIs.
---
Prevention Tips for Those at Risk:
- Urinate before and after sexual activity.
- Stay hydrated to flush out bacteria.
- Practice good hygiene (wipe front to back).
- Avoid irritants like spermicides or harsh soaps in the genital area.
If someone is prone to recurrent UTIs, they should consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and preventive strategies.
98
honeymoon cystitis occur in whome ?
newly married women
99
meaning of staphylo in staphylococcus ?
The term "staphylo-" in "Staphylococcus" comes from the Greek word "staphylē," meaning "bunch of grapes." This refers to the characteristic arrangement of the bacterial cells when viewed under a microscope, where they appear in clusters resembling grapes. The suffix "-coccus" is derived from the Greek "kokkos," meaning "berry," which describes the spherical shape of the bacteria. Therefore, "Staphylococcus" literally means "grape-like berry," reflecting the clustered, spherical shape of these bacteria.
100
which bacteria shows hemolysis ?
strepto + staphylo
101
colour shown by each hemolysis ??
1. **Alpha-hemolysis**: Greenish or brownish discoloration around colonies due to partial breakdown of red blood cells.
2. **Beta-hemolysis**: Clear, transparent zone around colonies caused by complete lysis of red blood cells.
3. **Gamma-hemolysis**: No color change, as there is no hemolysis occurring.
102
Group-D streptococcus?
enterococcus fecalis
103
emon ekta streptococcus nam bolo jare streptococcus er moddhe dhora hoy na ?
enterococcus
104
Enterococcus which D ?
UTI
105
Toxins of streptococcus?
streptolysin-O
S-S
erythrogenic toxin
pyogenic exotoxin - A
exotoxin -B
162
106
Staphylococcus food poisonig e prominent konta ?
vomiting
non-bloody D
