Teratogens Flashcards
(27 cards)
ACEIs
Renal damage.
How to remember: ACEI affects the kidney in adults too.
Alkylating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies.
How to remember: You need digits to write with chALK.
Aminoglycosides
CN VIII Toxicity.
How to remember: A mean guy hit the baby in the ear.
Carbamazepine
Neural tube defects Craniofacial defects Fingernail hypoplasia Developmental delay IUGR Similar to hydantoin syndrome from phenytoin.
How to remember: The baby hid in the maze in the fens but then couldn’t get out so he tried to scratch his way out and lost all his NAILS – he grew bigger in the maze – too big – IUGR. He was DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED because he had no one to play with.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
Congenital Mullerian anomalies
How to remember: Stillbestrol sounds like still born —> reproductive tract problems –> congenital mullerian anomalies…
Folate antagonists
Neural tube defects
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly, atrialized right ventricle
Methimazole
What this is: antithyroid drug known for causing agranulocytosis, like propylthiouracil.
Causes aplastia cutis congenita - absence of skin in a localized or widespread area at birth.
How to remember: A THIMBLE full of ACID would cause your skin to peel off!
Phenytoin
Neural tube defects Craniofacial defects Fingernail hypoplasia Developmental delay IUGR Similar to hydantoin syndrome from phenytoin.
How to remember: The baby hid in the maze in the fens but then couldn’t get out so he tried to scratch his way out and lost all his NAILS – he grew bigger in the maze – too big – IUGR. He was DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED because he had no one to play with.
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth
How to remember: Teethracyclines!
Thalidomide
Limb defects - phocomelia, micromelia, flipper limbs
How to remember: Thalimbdomide
Valproate
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption - neural tube defects
Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities
Bone, Blood, Bort, Beam
Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome Intellectual disability Retardation Microcephaly Holoprosencephaly Facial abnormalities - smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures Hypertelorism - increased distance between the eyes Limb dislocation Heart defects
Cocaine
Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction
Placental abruption - think vasoconstriction
Smoking (nicotine, CO)
Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries
Associated with preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD
Iodine
Excess or lack can lead to congenital goiter or hypothyroidism / cretinism
How to remember - P3UB TONGUE Puffy Pot-bellied Pale Umbilical protrusion Brain problems Tongue protrusion
Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome, anal atresia to sirenomelia, CHD, neural tube defects
Remember: Sirens are sweet
Vitamin A excess
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities).
Remember: Vitamin A –> Retinoic acid –> migration badness
X-rays
Microcephaly, intellectual disability
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy
The Greasy River Flowed Clear Aminute after Sophie Treated it with Chlorine
Griseofulvin Ribavirin Fluoroquinolones Clarithromycin Aminoglycosides Sulfonamides Tetracyclines Chloramphenacol
Sulfonamides
Kernicterus - means very high levels of bilirubin
Remember: Sulfonamides –> sulfur (yellow) –> jaundice
Fluoroquinolones
Cartilage damage
Remember: Fleur was walking alone when she damaged her cart.
Clarithromycin
Embryotoxic
