The Practice of Treating Cardiovascular Patients Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would an ACE inhibitor (A) be used to treat?

A

All three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would beta blockers (B) be used to treat?

A

All three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would calcium antagonists (C) be used to treat?

A

Hypertension and angina

NOT heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of hypertension, heart failure and angina would a diuretic (D) be used to treat?

A

Hypertension and heart failure

NOT angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would the order of drugs used in a hypertensive patient under 55 years of age be?

A

A
C
D
Either B, alpha blocker or spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would the order of drugs used in a hypertensive patient under 55 years of age be?

A

C
A
D
Either B, alpha blocker or spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 1 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

DAB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 2 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

Spironolactone/ Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of drug usage in step 3 of cardiac failure treatment?

A

Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
((= Biventricular Pacing)
to those with long QRS on ECG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can be used in sever cases?

A

Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what CVD is sacubitril-valsartan used in the treatment of?

A

Chronic heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two categories can angina treatment be broken down into?

A

Prolong survival

Alleviate symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 4 key treatments are used to prolong survival in angina patients?

A
SAAB:
Statin
Aspirin
ACE inhibitor
Beta Blocker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you progressively alleviate symptoms of angina?

A

Beta Blocker
Calcium Antagonist or Nitrates Coronary Angioplasty
New antianginals: Ivabradine and Ranolazine
Coronary artery surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for STEMI in an emergency situation?

A

Aspirin
Angioplasty (if near hospital)
Thrombolysis ( if far away)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should be administered after this?

A

Aspirin and Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor

Low MW Heparin or Fondaparinux

17
Q

And further to that…? (STEMI treatment)

18
Q

What is fondaprinux?

A

Synthetic pentasaccharide that inhibits activated factor x

19
Q

List treatments for NSTEMI.

A

Aspirin and Clopidogrel OR Ticagrelor Fondaparinux
Angioplasty (not as emergency)
SAAB

20
Q

What is treatment for troponin negative ACS?

A

SAAB with selective use of angioplasty

21
Q

If chest pain is ongoing after treatment, what should be administered?

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor

e.g Tirofiban

22
Q

What type of drugs are ticagrelor and prasugrel?

A

Antiplatelets

23
Q

What are the 3 crucial goals you must try to achieve in treating AF?

A
Prevent emboli
Control rate (crucial)
Control rhythm (seldom done, since fairly ineffective)
24
Q

How are emboli prevented in AF?

A

Warfarin/Rivaroxaban

25
How is the rate controlled?
Beta blockers | Digoxin
26
How can rhythm control be achieved?
DC Cardioversion Amiodarone if heart failure Sotalol (II/III) possible Flecainide (Ic) only if heart structure/function normal
27
List 3 causes of stroke.
Cerebral Thrombosis Cerebral Embolus Cerebral Haemorrhage
28
If there is no cerebral haemorrhage shown on the CT scan, what drugs are administered to a stroke patient?
Aspirin for 2 weeks | Thereafter, clopidogrel
29
List 3 additional drugs used in stroke treatment.
Statin ACE inhibitor Indapamide
30
What are the common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
Cough Renal dysfunction (worsen or improve) ANGIONEURMTIC OEDEMA (life-threatening) Never in pregnancy
31
What are the common side effects of beta blockers?
Bradycardia /Heart Block Tired Asthma (Not in asthmatics)
32
What are the common side effects of calcium antagonists?
Ankle oedema for Amlodipine | Heart Block for Diltiazem & Verapamil
33
What are the common side effects of diuretics?
Hypokalaemia Diabetes Gout
34
What are the common side effects of angiotensin blockers?
Renal dysfunction (worsen or improve) Never in pregnancy