Thorax 4 - The Heart, Coronary Circulation, Conducting System

Question 1

What is another name for the left coronary artery?

Answer 1

Left Main Stem

Question 2

What two arteries does the left main stem divide into?

Answer 2

Circumflex artery

Left anterior descending artery/anterior intraventricular artery

Question 3

What is the marginal artery a branch of?

Answer 3

The right coronary artery

Question 4

What are the SAN and AVN supplied by?

Answer 4

Right coronary artery

Question 5

What is the name given to obstruction of the right coronary artery?

Answer 5

Inferior infarct

Question 6

What is the name given to obstruction of the left anterior descending?

Answer 6

Anterior infarct

Question 7

What is the name given to obstruction of the circumflex artery?

Answer 7

Lateral infarct

Question 8

Why is an obstruction of the left anterior descending so dangerous?

Answer 8

Causes an anterior infarct which may cause catastrophic loss of left ventricular function and cardiac arrest

Question 9

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

Answer 9

Just superior to the aortic valve

Question 10

What is the order from most common to least common, of infarcts due to obstruction of coronary arteries?

Answer 10

Anterior
Inferior
Lateral

Question 11

What is the name given to the vein that lies parallel to the left anterior descending artery?

Answer 11

Great cardiac vein

Question 12

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain to?

Answer 12

Atria

Question 13

What is the function of the Purkinje Fibres?

Answer 13

To spread the signal to the ventricles

Question 14

What is the proximal part of the bundles of His supplied by?

Answer 14

Right coronary artery

Question 15

Where is cardiac pain referred to?

Answer 15

Anterior chest wall and possibly medial aspect of left arm

Question 16

What does the left coronary artery divide into?

Answer 16

LAD (anterior interventricular)

Circumflex

Question 17

In which groove does the RCA run in?

Answer 17

AV groove / Coronary sulcus

Question 18

List the branches of the RCA.

Answer 18

SA nodal branch (1st)
Right marginal (2nd)
Posterior interventricular (3rd)

Question 19

What does the RCA supply (inc. its branches)?

Answer 19

• Walls of RA & RV
• SA & AV nodes
• Posterior part of interventricular septum (proximal portion of AV bundle of His - arrhythmia)
• Small areas of the walls of LA & LV

Question 20

What is obstruction of the RCA known as?

Answer 20

Inferior infarct

Question 21

What is Bundle of His ischaemia likely to cause?

Answer 21

Arrhythmias

Question 22

Which groove does the LAD follow?

Answer 22

Anterior interventricular groove

Question 23

What does the LCA supply (inc. its branches)?

Answer 23

• Walls of LA & LV
• Most of the interventricular septum including part of the AV bundle of His
• Left anterior descending LAD

Question 24

Which coronary artery is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

Answer 24

LAD

Question 25

What is obstruction of the LAD known as?

Answer 25

Anterior infarct

Question 26

What is obstruction of the circumflex known as?

Answer 26

Lateral infarct

Question 27

What can anterior infarct lead to?

Answer 27

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 28

In right cardiac dominance, what extra branch does the RCA give?

Answer 28

Right circumflex

Question 29

What are the two most common vessels used in a coronary artery bypass graft?

Answer 29

Left internal thoracic / Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) | Great saphenous vein

Question 30

In a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, where is the catheter inserted?

Answer 30

Femoral artery

Question 31

Name the 3 cardiac veins and state which coronary artery they run alongside.

Answer 31

Small - with Marginal Middle - with Posterior Interventricular Great - with LAD

Question 32

Which of the cardiac veins becomes the coronary sinus?

Answer 32

Great cardiac vein

Question 33

How do anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimi drain to the RA?

Answer 33

Directly through cardiac muscle

Question 34

Between which two chambers does the coronary sinus lie?

Answer 34

LA & LV

Question 35

From where is sympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 35

Both left and right sympathetic trunks

Question 36

From where is parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 36

Left and right vagus nerves

Question 37

In relation to the arch of aorta, where does the cardiac plexus lie?

Answer 37

Inferior

Question 38

Which spinal nerves form the origin of the cardiac plexus?

Answer 38

T1 - T4