Treatment of Hypertension

Question 1

What is the advantage of using an ARB as opposed to an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 1

Cheaper

Question 2

What is the disadvantage of using a thiazide like diuretic?

Answer 2

Lots of associated side effects

Question 3

What do the treatment drugs focus on achieving, directly, leading to reduction in BP?

Answer 3

Total peripheral resistance

Question 4

Give 3 examples of ACE inhibitors.

Answer 4

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Captopril

Question 5

What is the primary example of an ARB?

Answer 5

Losartan

Question 6

What type of drug is aliskiren?

Answer 6

A renin inhibitor

Question 7

What type of drug is amlodipine?

Answer 7

Calcium channel blocker

Question 8

Give two examples of thiazide like diuretics.

Answer 8

Indapamine

Bendroflumethiazide

Question 9

What type of drug is ramipril?

Answer 9

An ACE inhibitor

Question 10

Give an example of a renin inhibitor.

Answer 10

Aliskiren

Question 11

Give two examples of calcium channel blockers.

Answer 11

Amlodipine

Lercanidipine

Question 12

What type of drug is losartan?

Answer 12

An ARB

Question 13

What type of drug is lisinopril?

Answer 13

An ACE inhibitor

Question 14

What type of drug is indapamine?

Answer 14

Thiazide like diuretic

Question 15

What is the role of aldosterone?

Answer 15

To allow Na+ and Ca2+ to be reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid from the collecting duct in the kidneys

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?

Answer 16

Acts as a competitive inhibitor and blocks reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+, thus acting as a diuretic, since water will follow solute

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of the thiazide like diuretics?

Answer 17

Block reabsorption of Na+ in the medulla, meaning no water will cross out of the tubules

Question 18

Which class of drug gives the following side effects?
Persistent dry cough
Dizziness
Headaches
Tiredness

Answer 18

ACE inhibitors

Question 19

Which class of drug gives the following side effects?
Flushes
Headaches
Ankle oedema
Dizziness

Answer 19

Calcium channel blockers

Question 20

Which class of drug can raise potassium and blood sugar levels?

Answer 20

Thiazide like diuretics

Question 21

Which class of drug gives the following side effects?
Back/leg pain
Headaches
Dizziness

Answer 21

ARBs

Question 22

What three classes of anti-hypertensive drug come under the umbrella of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors?

Answer 22

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Renin inhibitors

Question 23

Give 2 example of beta blockers.

Answer 23

Atenolol

Bisoprolol

Question 24

What type of drug is doxazosin

Answer 24

Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker

Question 25

What type of drug is spironolactone?

Answer 25

Potassium sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists

Question 26

What do ACE inhibitors inhibit/block?

Answer 26

Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

Question 27

What do ARBs inhibit/block?

Answer 27

Block AT1 receptors and hence binding of Angiotensin II

Question 28

By inhibiting the renin angiotensin system, what are these drugs preventing?

Answer 28

Vasoconstriction
Vascular growth (inc. hypertrophy)
Salt retention

Question 29

Where in the nephron does spironolactone act?

Answer 29

Collecting duct

Question 30

Where in the nephron do the thiazide like diuretics act?

Answer 30

Distal convoluted tubule