Thorax 1

Question 1

Between which ribs does the breast lie?

Answer 1

2 - 6

Question 2

What is the primary movement(s) initiated by pec major?

Answer 2

Shoulder flexion & adduction

Question 3

What is the function of pec minor?

Answer 3

Stabilises the scapula

Question 4

What is the primary movement(s) initiated by lat dorsi?

Answer 4

Shoulder extension & adduction

Question 5

What is the primary movement(s) initiated by serratus anterior?

Answer 5

Scapular protraction and rotation in shoulder abduction

Question 6

Name the 3 groups of lymph nodes involved in breast lymph drainage.

Answer 6

Anterior/Pectoral
Central
Apical

Question 7

In relation to pec minor, where do the anterior nodes lie?

Answer 7

Medial

Question 8

In relation to pec minor, where do the central nodes lie?

Answer 8

Deep

Question 9

In relation to pec minor, where do the apical nodes lie?

Answer 9

Medial

Question 10

List in order the severity groupings for the 3 groups of lymph nodes.

Answer 10

Anterior - G1
Central - G2
Apical - G3

Question 11

What structures make up the thoracic inlet?

Answer 11

T1
1st Ribs & cc’s
Manubrium

Question 12

Where does the subclavian vein lie in relation to the artery?

Answer 12

Anterior

Question 13

From anterior to posterior, list the arteries, veins and nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet.

Answer 13

Subclavian vein
Subclavian artery
Inferior trunk of brachial plexus

Question 14

What structures make up the thoracic outlet?

Answer 14

T12
11th & 12th ribs
cc’s of ribs 7, 8, 9 & 10
Xiphoid cartilage

Question 15

What is the thoracic outlet closed by?

Answer 15

Diaphragm

Question 16

At what vertebral level does the vena cava pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 16

T8

Question 17

At what vertebral level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 17

T12

Question 18

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 18

T10

Question 19

Name the two times of pleura.

Answer 19

Visceral

Parietal

Question 20

Based on their positioning, the regional pleura can be named independently. What are the four regional names given to the pleura?

Answer 20

Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Cervical

Question 21

Where does the apex of the pleural region lie with respect to the clavicle and the 1st ribs?

Answer 21

Above the clavicle

Below the 1st ribs

Question 22

List the (very important) four corners of the heart.

Answer 22

3rd Rt cc
6th Rt cc
Lt 5th interspace
2nd Lt cc

Question 23

At which vertebral level does the superior mediastinum turn into the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 23

T4/5

Question 24

In which region of mediastinum does the thymus lie?

Answer 24

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 25

With regard to mediastinum positioning, where does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate?

Answer 25

Just inferior to the superior mediastinum

Question 26

The inferior mediastinum can be divided into two further subdivisions. What are the names of these subdivisions?

Answer 26

Middle Mediastinum | Posterior mediastinum

Question 27

List the 4 main structures present in the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 27

Aorta Oesophagus Thoracic duct Azygos vein

Question 28

When looking at a cross sectional (transverse) image, for example a CT or MRI scan, where are you looking from?

Answer 28

General rule: foot of the bed with patient lying on their back

Question 29

Origin and insertion of Pec Major.

Answer 29

Clavicle, cc's & sternum | Humerus (ant. intertubercular groove)

Question 30

Origin and insertion of Pec Minor.

Answer 30

Ribs 3-5 | Coracoid process

Question 31

Origin and insertion of Lat Dorsi

Answer 31

Iliac crest, lower thoracic & lumbar spinous processes | Humerus (floor of intertubercular groove)

Question 32

Origin and insertion of Serratus Anterior

Answer 32

Ribs 1-8 | Medial border of scapula

Question 33

Where is lymph drainage of the breast to?

Answer 33

Axillary & Internal thoracic lymph nodes

Question 34

Where is blood supply of the breast from?

Answer 34

Axillary & Internal thoracic arteries

Question 35

Contents of anterior mediastinum?

Answer 35

Thymus

Question 36

Contents of superior mediastinum?

Answer 36

``` Oesophagus Trachea Aortic arch Phrenic nerves Vagus nerves SVC Azygos vein ```

Question 37

Contents of inferior mediastinum?

Answer 37

Middle - contents of pericardium (inc. bifurcation of pulmonary trunk) Posterior - aorta, oesophagus, thoracic duct, azygos veins