The Skeleton and Muscles

Question 1

Musculoskeletal system is controlled by..

Answer 1

The nervous system.

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

Skull, spine, ribs, sternum.

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Limbs, pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle.

Question 4

Skull

Answer 4

Protects brain. 22 bones

Question 5

Spine

Answer 5

33 bones called vertebrae. They surround and protect the nerves and spinal cord.

Question 6

Discs

Answer 6

Between first 24 vertebrae. Act as shock absorbers and distribute the load within the vertebral column.

Question 7

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 7

Support/ Shape/ Protection/ Movement/ Manufacture of Blood cells.

Question 8

Regions of spine and number of bones

Answer 8

Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacrum: 5
Coccyx: 4

Question 9

Ribs

Answer 9

12 pairs
True ribs: 7 attached to sternum
False ribs: 3 ….. rib above
Floating ribs: 2 …. none

Question 10

Pectoral girdle

Answer 10

Contains clavicles ( collar bones) and scapulae (shoulder blades).

Question 11

Pelvic girdle

Answer 11

Contains hip bones attached to sacrum.

Question 12

Compact bone

Answer 12

Composed of osteoblasts. Inorganic material gives strength and organic gives flexibility.

Question 13

Medullary cavity

Answer 13

Contains bone marrow.
Red marrow: active in making blood cells.
Yellow marrow: inactive. Contains numerous fat storage cells. Can convert to active active red marrow if needed.

Question 14

Spongy bone

Answer 14

Gives strength and regidity to bones without making them too heavy.

Question 15

Cartilage

Answer 15

Protects the ends of long bones and acts as a shock absorber.

Question 16

Osteoblast

Answer 16

Builds up bone.

Question 17

Osteoclast

Answer 17

Breaks down bone.

Question 18

What stimulates bone growth

Answer 18

Physical activity/ hormones (human growth hormone, sex hormones)/ diet.

Question 19

Ligaments

Answer 19

Connects bone to bone

Question 20

Tendon

Answer 20

Connects muscle to bone.

Question 21

Carpal

Answer 21

Bones in wrist.

Question 22

Tarsal

Answer 22

Bones in the ankle or heel.

Question 23

Joint

Answer 23

Where 2 or more bones meet.

Question 24

Immovable joints

Answer 24

No movement. Strength and protection. Skull and coccyx.

Question 25

Slightly movable joints

Answer 25

Small amount of movement between the bones. Joints in between the vertebrae in the spinal cord.

Question 26

Freely movable joints

Answer 26

Synovial joints. Synovial fluid helps lubricate the joint.

Question 27

Types of synovial joint

Answer 27

Ball and socket: allow movement in all directions eg shoulders and hip. Hinge: allow movement in one direction only. eg elbow and knee.

Question 28

Typical synovial joint

Answer 28

Knee.

Question 29

Disorder

Answer 29

Arthritis Cause: Swelling of joints. Wear and tear to cartilage in joint Prevention: reducing wear and tear on specific joints. Treatment: Incurable. Surgery.

Question 30

Muscle types

Answer 30

Made of protein. Involuntary: Intestines/ blood vessels. bladder Cardiac muscle: Located in heart. Voluntary: Causes body movements.

Question 31

Antagonistic pair

Answer 31

Consists of 2 muscles that have opposite effects. Triceps and bicepts