The Structure of flowering plants

Question 1

Petiole

Answer 1

The stalk of the leaf.

Question 2

Axillary Buds

Answer 2

Allows growth in width of stems. Produces new branches flowers.

Question 3

Apical Bud

Answer 3

Allowing growth in lengh.

Question 4

Flower

Answer 4

Reproduction.

Question 5

Node

Answer 5

Point where lead joins stem.

Question 6

Internode

Answer 6

Area between 2 nodes.

Question 7

Lateral roots

Answer 7

Allows growth in width of roots.

Question 8

Shoot System

Answer 8

Part of plant above ground.
Stems- support leaves/flowers, transport water/food.
Leaves-photosynthesis.
Flowers- reproduction
Stomata/lenticels- gaseous exchange.

Question 9

Root system

Answer 9

Part of plant below ground.
-Water and mineral absorption.
-Anchor plant
-Food storage eg turnip
-Vegetative reproduction eg. dahlia.

Question 10

Types of roots

Answer 10

Tap root
1. one main root
2. dicots
eg carrot
Fibrous root
1. Many equally sized foods
2.Monocots.
eg grass
3. Adventitious
Emerge from other parts of plant
eg onion/ ivy.

Question 11

Types of leaf

Answer 11

Parallel
1. Grass/ daffodil
2. Monocots.
Netted( Reticulate)
1.Roses
2.Dicots

Question 12

Lenticels (Stem)

Answer 12

An opening on a stem for gas exchange.

Question 13

Scale scars ( stem)

Answer 13

Mark the locations of previous apical buds.

Question 14

Leaf scars (stem)

Answer 14

Indicate where a leaf has fallen.

Question 15

Plant tissue ( Dermal)

Answer 15

Dermal: Forms and protects the surface of the plant eg epidermis. Prevents water loss and attack by m/o or insects by secreting a cuticle.

Question 16

Plant tissue ( Vascular)

Answer 16

Vascular: Transports water, minerals and food eg xylem and phloem.

Question 17

Plant tissue ( Ground)

Answer 17

For support and storage.
Lies between dermal and vascular tissue.

Question 18

Plant tissue ( Merismatic)

Answer 18

Region where cells actively divide by mitosis for growth.
Apical meristem in root and shoot tip
Lateral meristem in axillary bud allows growth in width of stems/roots.

Question 19

LS Dicot root (Zone of differentiation)

Answer 19

Cells develop into different cell types.
Identified by the presence of root hairs ( dermal tissue), vascular tissue and ground tissue.

Question 20

LS Dicot root ( Zone of Elongation)

Answer 20

Cells expand and elongated- where length is added to the root.

Question 21

LS Dicot root ( Protection zone)

Answer 21

Layer of cells form a root cap to protect the meristem as it moves through the soil.

Question 22

Xylem ( inside)

Answer 22

Transports water and minerals
Xylem Vessel and Tracheids
Dead on Maturity
Contains lignin - supports plant

Question 23

Phloem ( outside)

Answer 23

Transports food
Companion cells and Sieve tube cells
Living
No ligin.

Question 24

Xylem (structure)

Answer 24

Xylem Vessels
Continuous tube- no end walls
Spiral ligin for support
Pits for lateral movement.

Question 25

Tracheids ( under xylem)

Answer 25

Fine tapering ends, fit into one another. Cross walls are pitted Heavy lignified.

Question 26

Phloem (structure)

Answer 26

Sieve tubes: Structure: living, long, cylindrical cells, placed end to end. No nucleus. Thin cellulose walls. Cross walls pitted and known as sieve plates. Function: Transport food/ hormones ( auxins) to all plant cells from the leaves. Companion cells: Structure: Living, thin-walled, long cells. Nucleus present. Lie beside sieve tubes in vascular bundles. Function: Controls the activities of the sieve tubes.

Question 27

Monocot

Answer 27

eg grass Flowers: occur in 3 or multiples of 3. Wind pollinated. Seeds: Embryo has one cotyledon(seed leaf) Leaves: Parallel veins. Stem: Vascular bundles scattered. No vascular meristem. No secondary thickening. Root: Many fibrous roots.

Question 28

Dicot

Answer 28

eg. buttercup Flower: occur in 4's/5's. Insect pollinated. Seeds: Embryo has 2 cotyledons ( seed leaves) Leaves: Reticulate, net, branched Stem: Vascular bundles arranged in a circle. Vascular meristem- secondary thickening. Root: One main taproot with lateral roots.