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Psych/Soc > Thoughts and Emotion > Flashcards

Thoughts and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

Wide range of internal mental activities

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2
Q

Perception

A

Organization and identification of sensory inputs

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3
Q

Info processing takes place in ______

A

Cerebral cortex

  • Most evolved part of brain
  • 4 lobes
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4
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor control, decision making, long-term memory storage

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5
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory cortex

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6
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual info

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7
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory + olfactory info, emotion and language

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8
Q

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

A

Reconciled nature and nurture

- Kids group by experimenting w/ environment

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9
Q

Assimilation (Piaget)

A

Results of experimentation are fitted into preexisting schema

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10
Q

Accommodation (Piaget)

A

New info doesn’t fit previous schema => schema are changed

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11
Q

Sensorimotor (Piaget)

A

Birth - 2 years

  • Learn to use language
  • Think literally
  • Object permanence (things continue to exist when out of sight)
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12
Q

Preoperational (Piaget)

A

2 - 7 years

  • Language, think literally
  • Maintain egocentric worldview
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13
Q

Concrete Operational (Piaget)

A

7 - 11 years

  • Logical in concrete thinking
  • Inductive reasoning (specific => general)
  • Conservation
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14
Q

Formal Operational (Piaget)

A

11 years or older

  • Logical in abstract thinking
  • Deductive reasoning (general => specific)
  • Theoretical and philosophical
  • Don’t care about consequences
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15
Q

Learning theory of language development (AKA behaviorist theory)

A

Language is learned through operant conditioning

- Not innate

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16
Q

Nativist theory of language development

A

Language = innate biological mechanisms

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17
Q

Interactionist theory of language development

A

Interplay b/w environment and innate biology

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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production

- Frontal lobe (left hemisphere)

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19
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Speech comprehension

- Temporal lobe

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20
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to understand and reason with complex ideas

- Adapt to environment

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21
Q

Intelligence Quotient average and SD

A

Average = 100; SD = 15

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22
Q

General intelligence factor

A

Every individual has set level of intelligence (two types)

  • Fluid intelligence
  • Crystallized inteligence
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23
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to think logically w/o need for previously learned info (critical thinking)
- Peaks in young adulthood, then declines

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24
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Think logically using previously learned knowledge

- Remains stable through adulthood

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25
Theory of multiple intelligences
Variety of intelligence based on different domains
26
Sternberg's triarchic theory
Processes, experiences, and cultural environment interact to yield person's intelligence - Analytical - Creative - Practical
27
Emotional intelligence (4 components)
- Perceiving emotion - Using and reasoning w/ emotions - Understanding emotions - Managing emotions
28
Cognitive biases
Tendencies to think in particular ways
29
Functional fixedness
Tendency to view objects as having only single function
30
Belief perseverance
Hold on to initial beliefs even when rational argument suggests they're incorrect
31
Overconfidence
Information that should logically undermine confidence is overlooked
32
Causation bias
Tendency to assume cause and affect relationship
33
Representativeness heuristic
Make educated guess about probability of event based on prior knowledge
34
Availability heuristic
Assign high likelihood to event b/c highly "available" to conscious thought
35
Fundamental attribution error
Attribute others' actions to internal forces (personality) rather than external circumstances
36
Self-serving bias
Attribute own actions to external circumstances
37
Three components of emotion
- Cognitive - Physiological - Behavioral
38
Universal emotions
Fear, anger, surprise, happiness, disgust, sadness
39
Limbic system
Connects hypothalamus w/ structures in temporal lobe | - Holds amygdala
40
Amygdala
Responsible for emotional reactions of fear and anger
41
Prefrontal cortex
Conscious regulation of emotional states | - Critical in temperament and decision making
42
Hypothalamus
Regulates autonomic nervous system's SNS and PNS
43
James-Lange theory of emotion
Emotion is physiologically-based - External stimulus => physiological response - Sequential
44
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
Emotional feelings and physiological reactions to stimuli are experienced simultaneously - Not sequential
45
Schacter-Singer theory of emotion
Both physiological response and situational cues
46
Motivation
Originates from unsatisfied needs (psychological or physiological)
47
Instinct
Tendency to perform behavior that leads to fulfillment of need
48
Drive reduction theory
People are motivated to take action in order to lessen state of arousal caused by physiological need
49
Incentive theory
Motivated by external rewards
50
Cognitive theories of emotion
People behave based on expectations of what will provide most favorable outcome
51
Need-based theories
People are motivated by desire to fulfill unmeet needs
52
Three major components of attitude
ABC model - Affective component (feelings about object, person, event) - Behavioral component - Cognitive component (belief/knowledge about object of interest)
53
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
People more likely to agree to large favor after agreeing to smaller one
54
Cognitive dissonance
Conflict b/w internal attitudes and external behaviors
55
Cognitive dissonance theory
People have inherent desire to avoid internal discomfort associated w/ mismatch b/w behaviors and attitudes - Usually change attitudes (easier)
56
Elaboration likelihood model
Information processing approach to persuasion - How person receives argument - Peripheral route processing vs. Central route processing - Intentional persuasion
57
Peripheral route processing
Individual does not think deeply to evaluate argument | - Minimal knowledge/interest in subject
58
Central route processing
Person thinks deeply and elaborates on argument
59
Social-cognitive theory
Behavior/attitudes change through system of reciprocal causation
60
Factors affecting attitude change
- Behavior change - Characteristics of the message - Characteristics of the target - Social factors
61
Stress
Strain experienced when organism's equilibrium is disrupted and it must adapt
62
Cognitive appraisals
Personal interpretations of situations that trigger stress
63
Primary appraisal
Evaluate situation for threat
64
Secondary appraisal
Assess personal ability to cope with threat
65
SNS releases ______ and ______
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
66
Adrenal glands release ____
Cortisol
67
Incidence of diagnosable psychological disorders
27%
68
Dishabituation
Return to heightened anxiety after period of habituation - Relapse
69
Habituation
Prolonged stimulus results in decrease of anxiety
70
Facilitated neurons
Elevated resting potential closer to threshold => lower stimulus will lead to depolarization - Threshold potential of neuron is not changed

Psych/Soc (10 decks)

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