topic 3 Flashcards
latency of conditioned response
the interval of time between presentation of the CS and occurrence of the CR
intensity of conditioned response
conditioned responses tend to get stronger as conditioning proceeds.
test or probe trials
present the conditioned stimulus alone. serves as evidence if learning is occurring
higher order conditioning
new neutral stimulus becomes associated with a previously conditioned stimulus, leading the new stimulus to elicit the conditioned response, even without direct pairing with the original unconditioned stimulus
nature of neutral NS and US
the more intense the US, the easier to produce a CR. Intensity of the NS is also important (needs to be noticeable). also more effective if the NS and US “go together’’ usually/ belong
stimulus features
physical characteristics effect the pace of conditioning
overshadowing
when a compound stimulus is used as a CS, but only a particular element of that compound (typically the more intense stimulus) is able to elicit a CR
short delay conditioning
CS presented alone, but US overlaps shortly after onset. usually most effective conditioning procedure
long delay conditioning
CS and US overlap, but CS is on for longer time
trace conditioning
no overlap between CS and US. CS still comes first
simultaneous conditioning
CS and US onset is at the same time. Less common in the real world
backward conditioning
US occurs before CS
intertrial interval
interval between 1 CS-US exposure (a trial) and another CS-US exposure (another trial)
contingency between NS and US
contingency between NS and US means that the NS and US co-occur reliably
contiguity
events occur close together in time and space
number of pairings
more pairings of the NS and US usually forms a stronger association
latent inhibition
pre-exposure of a stimulus in the absence of a US interferes with the ability of that stimulus to become a CS
blocking
failure of a stimulus to become a CS when it is part of a compound stimulus that includes an already effective CS
sensory preconditioning
- two neutral stimuli (A and B) occur together
- one of those stimuli (B) is conditioned to become a CS
- when A is presented alone , it too will elicit the same CR as B
