topic 9

Question 1

stimulus control

Answer 1

when a behaviour happens in the presence of some stimuli but not others. Develops as a result of discrimination training.

Question 2

controlling stimulus (S)

Answer 2

a stimulus that changes the probability of an operant behaviour

Question 3

discriminative stimulus (SD)

Answer 3

a stimulus or event that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for its reinforcement

Question 4

Extinction stimulus (S delta)

Answer 4

a stimulus or event that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for its non-reinforcement

Question 5

establishing operation

Answer 5

makes a stimulus more effective as a reinforcer at a particular time.

Question 6

abolishing operation

Answer 6

makes a stimulus less potent as a reinforcer at a particular time

Question 7

Prompt

Answer 7

an antecedent (stimulus or event) that makes a response more likely to occur . Gets the behaviour to occur in the correct situation (SD) more often so the behaviour can be reinforced

Question 8

response prompts

Answer 8

the behaviour of another person (prompter) evokes the desired response from another individual (learner) in the presence of the SD

Question 9

stimulus prompts

Answer 9

a change to the stimulus or the addition or removal of a stimulus, evokes the desired response from another individual (learner) in the presence of the SD

Question 10

verbal prompt

Answer 10

verbal behaviour of another person results in correct behaviour of the trainee.
ex. telling a music student what note to play on the piano

Question 11

gestural prompt

Answer 11

a physical movement or gesture of another person that leads to the correct behaviour. ex. pointing to the correct musical note on the piano

Question 12

modelling prompt

Answer 12

propter demonstrates the target behaviour for the learner.

Question 13

physical prompt

Answer 13

prompter physically assists the learner to engage in the correct behaviour

Question 14

within stimulus prompt

Answer 14

an aspect or dimension of the stimulus (SD or S delta) is changed to aid discrimination. ex. change size, colour, etc

Question 15

extrastimulus prompts

Answer 15

a separate stimulus is added to aid discrimination

Question 16

transfer of stimulus control

Answer 16

involves shifting the response from occurring in the presence of the SD plus the prompt to the SD alone. can transfer control using prompt fading, prompt delay, and stimulus fading

Question 17

prompt fading

Answer 17

response prompt is gradually removed until the prompt is no longer needed for the behaviour to occur in the presence of the SD. ex, coach gives fewer and fewer instructions until how to hit a baseball until child can hit the ball on their own

Question 18

least to most prompting and fading

Answer 18

propter provides least intrusive prompt first and uses more intrusive prompts only if necessary

Question 19

most to least prompting and fading

Answer 19

Prompter provides most intrusive prompt first and gradually fades to less intrusive prompts as possible.

Question 20

prompt delay

Answer 20

gradually delay delivery of the prompt to allow learner the chance to produce the response unprompted.

Question 21

stimulus fading

Answer 21

stimulus prompt is gradually removed or lessened until the prompt is no longer needed for that behaviour to occur in the presence of the natural SD. ex, gradually use smaller and smaller balls until the child can hit a normal size ball

Question 22

antecedent interventions

Answer 22

procedures where antecedent stimuli are manipulated to make desirable behaviours more likely to occur (so they can be reinforced) and/ or undesirable behaviours less likely to occur (specially those that interfere with the desirable behaviours occurring)

Question 23

motivating operations

Answer 23

antecedent stimulus or event that alters the value of a reinforcer , thereby altering the probability of the behaviour that produces that reinforcer

Question 24

antecedent interventions to increase desirable behaviour

Answer 24

1. present SDs for desirable behaviour
2. develop new SDs by limiting the occurrences of specific behaviours to specific situations
3. arrange establishing operations for desirable behaviour
4. decrease response effort for desirable behaviour

Question 25

Presenting SDs

Answer 25

desired behaviour may be unlikely to occur because the SD is not present in the persons environment. introducing the SD should make the desired behaviour more likely to occur. ex. to encourage healthy eating, only stock healthy foods

Question 26

developing new SDs

Answer 26

develop new SDs by limiting the occurrences of specific behaviours to specific situations. Goal is to reduce impact of competing behaviours. ex, to help insomnia, only use bed for sleeping.

Question 27

arranging establishing operations

Answer 27

make the consequence of the desirable behaviour more appealing. Ex. to promote healthy eating, buy healthy goods that taste good

Question 28

decreasing response effort

Answer 28

make it easier to engage in the desired behaviour. break the desired behaviour up into smaller tasks. ex, have healthy foods readily available and easy to grab.

Question 29

antecedent interventions to decrease undesirable behaviour

Answer 29

1. remove SDs for undesirable behaviour 2. extinguish SDs for undesirable behaviour 3. make undesirable behaviour impossible 4. arrange abolishing operations for undesired behaviour 5. increase response effort and/ or delay for undesired behaviour

Question 30

removing SDs

Answer 30

if stimuli that make an undesirable behaviour more likely to occur are absent, the behaviour is less likely to occur. ex. for someone avoiding substance use, avoid situations where substance use has occurred

Question 31

extinguishing SDs

Answer 31

if you can't remove the discriminative stimuli, can you make them less likely to lead to the undesired behaviour.

Question 32

make behaviour impossible

Answer 32

if you adjust the situation so that the undesirable behaviour is impossible, it physically cannot occur

Question 33

presenting abolishing operations

Answer 33

make the outcome of the undesirable behaviour less appealing

Question 34

increasing response effort

Answer 34

a behaviour that requires more response effort than a concurrent operant is less likely to occur

Question 35

important considerations in antecedent manipulations

Answer 35

- look out for behaviour chains -modify multiple elements in the environment -modify environments gradually