Unit 1: review

Question 1

Define Physiology

Answer 1

the science of the FUNCTION of living systems

Question 2

Function vs Process?

Answer 2

function: why
Process: how

Question 3

The 7 steps in the response loop

Answer 3

stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal, target, response

Question 4

feedforward control ______ change

Answer 4

anticipates

Question 5

cells that respond to signals are

Answer 5

target cells

Question 6

which feedback mechanism is not homeostatic?

Answer 6

positive feedback

Question 7

what are the 3 forms of long range cell-cell comunication?

Answer 7

endocrine, neural, neuro endocrine

Question 8

lipophilic ligands interact with ______ receptor to produce a _____ response

Answer 8

intracellular, slower

Question 9

water soluble ligands interact with ______ receptor to produce a _____ response

Answer 9

surface, faster

Question 10

4 types of membrane receptors

Answer 10

ion channel, enzyme coupled receptor, G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), integrin receptor

Question 11

what are the two types of second messenger molecules?

Answer 11

protein kinases, Ca 2+

Question 12

cells can change their response to signals by changing _____ or _____

Answer 12

receptor number, sensitivity

Question 13

molecule that activates the receptor but is not the native ligand

Answer 13

agonist

Question 14

molecule that binds to the active site but does not activate

Answer 14

antagonist

Question 15

GPCR is active when bound to ______ which _____ affinity to the beta gamma subunits

Answer 15

GTP, decreases

Question 16

Cannon’s 4 postulates

Answer 16

• nervous system has role in maintaining fitness of internal environment
• some systems under tonic control
• some systems under antagonistic control
• one chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues

Question 17

tonic control regulates parameters in a _______

Answer 17

up and down fashion

Question 18

antagonistic control is characterized by

Answer 18

some neurons speeding up process and some neurons slowing down processes

Question 19

cholera toxins _____ GTP ______

Answer 19

blocks
hydrolysis

Question 20

a cell effected by cholera toxin will produce high levels of ______

Answer 20

cAMP