unit 8

Question 1

Main hormone product of the testes:

Answer 1

Testosterone

Question 1

Main hormone product of the ovaries:

Answer 1

Estradiol
Progesterone

Question 2

The exception to negative feedback of gonadal steroids at the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Answer 2

Sustained high levels of estradiol trigger a surge of LH/FSH

Question 3

Cholesterol- _____ - ______ - _______ - DHT

Answer 3

Progesterone
Adione
Testosterones

Question 4

Why are the testes away from the body?

Answer 4

Sperm needs to be 2-3 degrees less warm than the body temperature

Question 4

What is the condition when testes fail to descend?

Answer 4

cryptorchidism

Question 4

Where is the epididymis located?

Answer 4

Above the testes

Question 4

The journey of sperm from the testes

Answer 4

Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
urethra

Question 5

___ cells are located in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules, the ____ cells are located in the tubule

Answer 5

Leydig
Sertoli

Question 6

Leydig cells make ______

Answer 6

Androgens (testosterone)

Question 7

Sertoli cells ______ spermatogenesis

Answer 7

Coordinate

Question 8

Spermatogonia cells are ____

Answer 8

Mitotic

Question 9

When spermatogonia cells enter meiosis they are called _____ in meiosis 1, _____ in meiosis 2 and _____ when they have completed meiosis but not remodeling

Answer 9

Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
spermatid

Question 10

Primordial follicles have three parts:

Answer 10

Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cell precursors covered in basal lamina

Question 11

A primary follicle has an enlarged _____ and the granulosa cells ___________

Answer 11

Oocyte
Begin to divide but are still SINGLE LAYER

Question 12

Secondary follicles develop ____; a layer of cells outside the _________

Answer 12

Theca
Basal lamina

Question 13

The corpus luteum is formed from the ________

Answer 13

Ruptured follicle

Question 14

Primordial follicle - ________ - _________ - _________ - _______ - ________

Answer 14

Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Mature follicle
Ovulated oocyte
Corpus luteum

Question 15

The surge of _____ causes ovulation

Answer 15

LH

Question 16

The rise of estrogen concentration occurs in the _____ phase

Answer 16

Proliferative

Question 17

sustained high levels of _____ cause surge of ___

Answer 17

estrogen
LH hormone

Question 18

The corpus luteum secretes mainly ______ and some _____ during the _____ phase of the cycle

Answer 18

Progesterone
estrogen
Secretory

Question 19

High levels of progesterone and estrogen cause _________ feedback with growth hormones LH and FSH

Answer 19

Highly negative

Question 20

The commitment to male or female gonad is regulated by ____ (___________) which is expressed by ______

Answer 20

Sry
Master transcription factor
Pre-Sertoli cells

Question 21

When someone lacks Sry they will have ______ gonads

Answer 21

Female

Question 22

The duct work of gamete transportation IN MALES is regulated by _________ from _______ that act on the ________ duct and ___________ from _______ which causes regression of _________ duct

Answer 22

Testosterone Leydig cells wollfian Anti-mullerian hormone Sertoli cells Mullerian

Question 23

The duct work of gamete transportation IN FEMALES is regulated by ______________

Answer 23

Lack of testosterone or anti-mullerian hormone, default to female

Question 24

What is the signal to form external female genitalia?

Answer 24

Absence of a signal

Question 25

The signal to form MALE external genitalia is ______ from ____ cells which must be in the ____ form

Answer 25

Testosterone Leydig DHT

Question 26

Individuals that lack the 5a-reductase will prevent ____________ because _______

Answer 26

Formation of male external genitalia Testosterone cannot convert to DHT

Question 27

If a male has loss of function for androgen receptors what will happen?

Answer 27

No testes decent No wollfian ducts Mullerian ducts retained

Question 28

Stretch of vaginal canal causes signaling through the _____ which causes release of _____ which then stimulates ________

Answer 28

CNS oxytocin Uterine contractions

Question 29

The parturition has a positive feedback reflex involving _________from the ___________

Answer 29

Oxytocin Posterior pituitary

Question 30

During the parturition there will be cervical _______, rhythmic __________, _____ of baby, _______ of the placenta

Answer 30

Softening Uterine contractions Delivery Expulsion

Question 31

Trophectoderm will give rise to ________

Answer 31

Extra-embryonic membranes

Question 32

Inner cell mass will give rise to ___________

Answer 32

Embryo proper

Question 33

The first differentiated cell types in mammalian embryos are:

Answer 33

Inner cell mass Trophectoderm

Question 34

Fertilization of the egg occurs in the ________

Answer 34

Fallopian tube (ova duct)

Question 35

If a male has loss of function for androgen receptors what will happen?

Answer 35

No testes decent No wollfian ducts Mullerian ducts retained

Question 36

Individuals that lack the 5a-reductase will prevent ____________ because _______

Answer 36

Formation of male external genitalia Testosterone cannot convert to DHT

Question 37

The signal to form MALE external genitalia is ______ from ____ cells which must be in the ____ form

Answer 37

Testosterone Leydig DHT

Question 38

What is the signal to form external female genitalia?

Answer 38

Absence of a signal

Question 39

The duct work of gamete transportation IN FEMALES is regulated by ______________

Answer 39

Lack of testosterone or anti-mullerian hormone, default to female

Question 40

The duct work of gamete transportation IN MALES is regulated by _________ from _______ that act on the ________ duct and ___________ from _______ which causes regression of _________ duct

Answer 40

Testosterone Leydig cells wollfian Anti-mullerian hormone Sertoli cells Mullerian

Question 41

When someone lacks Sry they will have ______ gonads

Answer 41

Female

Question 42

The commitment to male or female gonad is regulated by ____ (___________) which is expressed by ______

Answer 42

Sry Master transcription factor Pre-Sertoli cells