Unit 1- Streptococcus

Question 1

Genus Streptococcus

Answer 1

Gram positive cocci in chains, facultative anaerobe, non-motile, non-spore forming, fastidious growth requirement, catalase negative, low salt tolerance

Question 2

Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 2

Oxygen availability not critical for survival

Question 3

Fastidious Growth Requirement

Answer 3

Requires nutritionally rich media for growth

Question 4

Culture Media for Growth

Answer 4

Blood agar to identify type of hemolysin toxin and Edward media for selective identification and isolation

Question 5

Beta Hemolysis

Answer 5

Most pathogenic group

Question 6

Alpha Hemolysis

Answer 6

Partial and incomplete hemolysis with green color, commensal upper respiratory strep

Question 7

Gamma Hemolysis

Answer 7

Fecal streptococci

Question 8

Capsule

Answer 8

Mucoid, useful for serotyping strains within a species

Question 9

M protein

Answer 9

Useful for serotyping within a species by ELISA as well as for vaccine production

Question 10

Lancefield Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Useful for Lancefield serotyping, antibodies specific to these proteins used to ID them by agglutination

Question 11

Serogrouping

Answer 11

Use antibodies adn identify by agglutination

Question 12

Clinically Important Serogroups

Answer 12

A, B, C, D, E, and G

Question 13

Catalase test

Answer 13

Streptococcus will be catalase negative

Question 14

Equine and Canine isolate hemolysis

Answer 14

Mostly beta hemolytic, the more pathogenic

Question 15

Alpha Hemolytic Strains

Answer 15

S. pneumoniae and S. suis

Question 16

Habitat

Answer 16

Commensals in skin, upper respiratory tract, tonsils, digestive tract, lower urogenital, udder, food, soil, and fecal contaminated water

Question 17

Transmission

Answer 17

Direct contact, aerosol, fomites, and ingestion

Question 18

Disease

Answer 18

Opportunistic part of normal flora, disease occurs when bacteria enter cuts, abrasions, wounds, other infection, or when immune system is weakened

Question 19

Virulence Factors

Answer 19

Structural compounds, enzymes, and toxins

Question 20

Structural Compounds

Answer 20

Lipotheichoic acid, slime layer capsule, M protein, protein G

Question 21

M Protein

Answer 21

Binds the arms of IgG and precents opsonization, also prevents phagocytosis

Question 22

Protein G

Answer 22

Competes with complement to bind IgG and prevent opsonization

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Nuclease, streptokinases, hyaluronidase, C5a peptidases

Question 24

Nuclease

Answer 24

Convers pus to resources and has DNAse and RNAse activity to destroy host cells

Question 25

Streptokinase

Answer 25

Converts plasminogen to plasmin, digesting fibrin to lyse blood clots and escape

Question 26

C5a Peptidase

Answer 26

Destroys compliment chemotactic signals

Question 27

Toxins

Answer 27

Hemolysin, streptolysin, and pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 28

Streptolysin

Answer 28

Hemolytic, cytotoxic, and inhibits chemotaxis

Question 29

Pyrogenic Exotoxins

Answer 29

Cause fever, strawberry tongue, cardiac and liver necrosis, T cell division, superantigenic, and increase permeability of endothelium causing shock

Question 30

Pathogenesis

Answer 30

Throat, ear, eye, skin, and urogenital infections and pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, and shock

Question 31

Origins of infection

Answer 31

Cutaneous, throat, mammary, and urogenitcal

Question 32

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Answer 32

Destroys the muscle under the skin

Question 33

Metastasis

Answer 33

Spread to systemic disease is serotype and host immune status dependent

Question 34

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 34

Causes throat and dermatological infection, pharyngitis, and necrotizing fasciitis

Question 35

Streptococcus equi

Answer 35

Causes pharingitis/strangles in horses

Question 36

Strangles

Answer 36

Infection by S. equi causes abscess in the lymph nodes, coughing, difficulty swallowing, fever, yellow discharge from nose and eyes, and pus filled guttural pouch

Question 37

Streptococcus suis

Answer 37

Generalized infection in pigs causing pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, abortion, metritis, blindness, and deafness

Question 38

Streptococcus porcinus

Answer 38

Causes strangles in pigs, rare now

Question 39

Streptococcus canis

Answer 39

Most aggressive in pets, causes pet strangles, generalized infection, eye and ear infection

Question 40

Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 40

Causes vaginitis, abortion, endometritis, mastitis, and prostitis in pets

Question 41

Streptococcus agalatiae

Answer 41

Causes chronic contagious mastitis

Question 42

Viridiant Streptococcus

Answer 42

Alpha hemolytic group that mostly affects humans, normal flora of oral cavity, intestines, and urethra

Question 43

Treatment

Answer 43

Antibiotics are effective but resistance is rising

Question 44

Control and prevention

Answer 44

Improve hygiene and wellbeing, reduce stress, clean wounds, isolate infected animals, control primary disease, and vaccinate for S pneumoniae in humans