Unit 3- Brucella

Question 1

Brucella

Answer 1

Coccobacillus, single cells, gram neg, aerobes, catalase oxidase and urea +, non motile, intracellular, bioterrorism agent

Question 2

Brucella Nomenspecies Differentiation

Answer 2

Biochemical reactivity, biotyping by aniline dyes, antigen composition, bacteriophage susceptibility, DNA specificity

Question 3

Horse Brucella Species

Answer 3

B. abortus

Question 4

Pig Brucella Species

Answer 4

B suis

Question 5

Dog Brucella Species

Answer 5

B canis

Question 6

Cattle Brucella Species

Answer 6

B abortus and suis

Question 7

Sheep Brucella Species

Answer 7

B melitensis and ovis

Question 8

Goat Brucella Species

Answer 8

B melitensis

Question 9

Brucella Intracellular Activity

Answer 9

Facultative intracellular pathogen, inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion, replicates in macrophages

Question 10

Smooth Nomenspecies

Answer 10

B abortus, melitensis, neotomae, and suis, O antigen involved in agglutination

Question 11

Rough Nomenspecies

Answer 11

B canis and ovis, rough LPS lacks O antigen

Question 12

Brucellosis Transmission

Answer 12

Carrier animals, ingestion most common, veneral or congenital

Question 13

Zoonotic Species

Answer 13

B abortus, melitensis, suis, and canis

Question 14

Brucella abortus

Answer 14

Ingestion, venereal, intra-mammary and congenital transmission, some cattle resistant to infection

Question 15

B abortus Pathogenesis

Answer 15

Penetrates mucous membranes, localize in lymph nodes, phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages, bacteremia, proliferates in cells with erythritol

Question 16

B abortus Disease

Answer 16

Abortion at end of first pregnancy, placental thickening, necrosis of cotyledons, edematous fetus

Question 17

B abortus Diagnosis

Answer 17

Notifiable zoonotic disease, culture sent to BSL-3 facility, PCR, serology for LPS, rivanol or mercaptoethanol test, compliment fixation

Question 18

Rivanol Test

Answer 18

Distinguishes between chronic infection or vaccination, IgG higher than IgM in infection

Question 19

B abortus Immunology

Answer 19

Humoral antibody response not correlated with protection, cell mediated immunity from T cells most important, causes granulomatous lesions

Question 20

B abortus Vaccination

Answer 20

RB51 most protection and interrupts outbreaks, 19 less protection and can cause abortion, McEwen 45/20 requires boosters

Question 21

B abortus Control

Answer 21

Test and slaughter, vaccinate, hygiene, Ab milk ring test with high false +

Question 22

B abortus Therapy

Answer 22

Not attempted in pig and ruminant, cull infected animals, long term therapy for intracellular infection

Question 23

B melitensis

Answer 23

First Brucella isolated, bio-warfare agent, very low infectious dose in human

Question 24

B melitensis Transmission

Answer 24

Ingestion, food and water contaminated by urine and vaginal discharge, milk and cheese

Question 25

B melitensis Disease

Answer 25

Pathogenesis similar to B abortus, late term abortion in sheep and goat, lameness, hygroma, orchitis

Question 26

B melitensis Immunology

Answer 26

Sheep and goats develop protective immune response and clear infection

Question 27

B melitensis Diagnosis

Answer 27

Clinical signs, direct culture, serologic tests

Question 28

B melitensis Vaccination

Answer 28

Strain Rev 1 most effective and reduces shedding, strain 53H38 stimulates persistent antibody response

Question 29

Brucella suis Transmission

Answer 29

Rapid spread, venereal, ingestion, wild hare reservoir, environmental persistence

Question 30

B suis Disease

Answer 30

Pathogenesis similar to B abortus, more common in adult swine, abortion, metritis, spondylitis, orchitis, arthritis, lameness, bacteremia

Question 31

Most likely pathogen to humans

Answer 31

B suis, cannot be eradicated due to feral swine

Question 32

B suis Immunology

Answer 32

Females recover, males do not, short lived immunity, ready reinfection, abortion only in first pregnancy

Question 33

B suis Diagnosis

Answer 33

Rose bengal card test, clinical signs, culture

Question 34

Brucella canis Transmission

Answer 34

Ingestion, veneral

Question 35

B canis Disease

Answer 35

Pathogenesis similar to B abortus, intermittent persistent bacteremia, late term abortion, lymphadenitis, infertility, sick puppy, epididymitis, scrotal dermatitis, unilateral scrotal atrophy

Question 36

B canis Immunology

Answer 36

Humoral response during bacteremia, cell mediated protective immunity

Question 37

B canis Diagnosis

Answer 37

Clinical signs, direct culture, immunodiffusion

Question 38

Serologic Tests

Answer 38

Do not work for rough variants lacking O antigen, false positives

Question 39

B canis Control

Answer 39

Euthanasia

Question 40

Brucella ovis Transmission

Answer 40

Venereal

Question 41

B ovis Disease

Answer 41

Pathogenesis similar to B abortus, sheeps, epididymis, late abortion, low fertility, rams affected more frequently

Question 42

Brucella Zoonosis

Answer 42

Highly infectious, melitensis most pathogenic