Unit 2- Joints

Question 1

Fibrous Joints

Answer 1

Synarthroses, bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 2

Fibrous Joint Examples

Answer 2

Between cranial bones, between teeth and alveolar bone

Question 3

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 3

Ampiarthroses, bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Question 4

Cartilaginous Joints Examples

Answer 4

Costochondral joints, pelvic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 5

Synovial Joints Examples

Answer 5

True Joints or diarthroses, two bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage and a fluid filled articular capsule

Question 6

Fibrillation

Answer 6

Fraying of the articular cartilage

Question 7

Ebunation

Answer 7

Ulceration and loss of the articular cartilage

Question 8

Villous Hypertrophy

Answer 8

The synovial membrane will form fingerlike projections due to chronic joint injury

Question 9

Pannus

Answer 9

Granulation and histiocytic tissue that develops and can spread over the articular cartilage and eventually cause ankylosis after chronic injury

Question 10

End-Stage Joint

Answer 10

A joint with severe chronic injury and damage

Question 11

Osteochrondrosis

Answer 11

Abnormal growth of articular cartilage causing degenerative joint disease, common in piglets

Question 12

Osteochondrosis Dissecans

Answer 12

Separation of a flap of cartilage away from the bone

Question 13

Elbow Dysplasia Syndrome

Answer 13

Common in large breed dogs, osteochondritis dissecans, ununited anconeal process, and ununited medial coronoid process

Question 14

OCD in Horses

Answer 14

Common cause of lameness, localizes in hind limb

Question 15

Joint Mice

Answer 15

Piece of the articular cartilage breaks off and remains in the synovial cavity

Question 16

Articular Collapse

Answer 16

Occurs with softening of the bone

Question 17

OCD Cartilage Nodules

Answer 17

Nodules form as the bone attempts to regenerate

Question 18

Hip Dysplasia

Answer 18

Subluxation between the femoral head and acetabulum common in large breed dogs

Question 19

Osteosclerosis

Answer 19

Thickening of the bone due to trauma

Question 20

Intervertebral Disk Disease

Answer 20

Herniated disk, degeneration of the intervertebral disks

Question 21

Most common cause of paresis in dog

Answer 21

IVDD

Question 22

Type II IVDD

Answer 22

Intervertebral disk protrusion

Question 23

Type I IVDD

Answer 23

Intervertebral disk extrusion, rupture of the fibrous capsule and the gelatinous center is eliminated, more common in chondrodystrophic

Question 24

Spondylosis Deformans

Answer 24

Degeneration of the vertebra due to osteophyte formation, common in old bulls

Question 25

Primary Degenerative Joint Disease

Answer 25

Age related, no apparent cause

Question 26

Secondary Degenerative Joint Disease

Answer 26

Associated with abnormality in the joint or supporting structures

Question 27

Ringbone

Answer 27

Osteophytes form on inter-phalangeal joints due to trauma and wrap around the tendons, common in rodeo horses

Question 28

Inflammatory Joint Disease

Answer 28

Septic arthritis in farm animals, aseptic immune mediated arthritis in dog and cat

Question 29

Polyarthritis

Answer 29

Multiple joints affected

Question 30

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis

Answer 30

Carpal hygroma formation due to a retrovirus in goats

Question 31

Immune-Mediated Arthritis

Answer 31

Common in dogs and cats, causing polyarthritis, antigen in the synovial fluid is attacked by the immune system

Question 32

Synovial Cell Sarcoma

Answer 32

Malignant tumor from synovial fibrocyte, usually does not cross the synovial membrane

Question 33

Histiocytic Sarcoma

Answer 33

Malignant tumors arising from histiocytic cells