Unit 5- Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy-, poly-, syn- Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 5- Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy-, poly-, syn- Deck (169)
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1
Q

Pathology

A

Specialty that studies diseases, especially infectious diseases

2
Q

cocc/i

A
spherically shaped family of bacteria
means berry, grain, or seed 
singular=coccus
plural=cocci
3 main types of cocci: displo, strepto, and staphylo
pneumococcus=pneumonia
meningococcus=meningitis
3
Q

diplococcus

A

cocci growing in pairs

gonorrhea

4
Q

streptococcus

A

cocci growing in twisted chains

5
Q

staphylococcus

A

cocci growing in clusters
most bacteria that form pus
commonly responsible for acne infections

6
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains or strips

7
Q

staphyl/o

A

growing in bunches/clusters like grapes

also, the uvula

8
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas
Bacterium that causes difficult to treat infection
Most common in elderly and those with poor immune systems

9
Q

genus and species names

A

Used to identify bacteria and parasites
Italicized, genus capitalized
Abbreviate with genus initial and species name, but not in italics

10
Q

bacillus

A

rod-shaped bacterium
pl. bacilli
pneumobacillus

11
Q

diplobacillus

A

rod-shaped double bacillus

12
Q

streptobacillus

A

rod-shaped bacillus growing in twisted chains

13
Q

bacteria singular

A

bacterium

14
Q

bacillus plural

A

bacilli

15
Q

hemorrhagic colitis

A

Caused by ingesting E. coli
Severe abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea, watery/bloody stool, low-grade or absent fever, occasional vomiting
Lasts avg of 8 days
Infants, children, elderly, and immunocompromised may develop severe life-threatening conditions like kidney failure due to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

16
Q

staphyloplasty

A

surgical repair of the uvula

17
Q

staphylitis (uvulitis)

A

inflammation of the uvula

18
Q

staphylectomy (uvulectomy)

A

excision of the uvula

19
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

20
Q

py/o

A

pus

21
Q

pyocele

A

hernia containing pus

22
Q

-genic, -genesis

A

producing of forming

23
Q

pyogenic

A

pus producing

24
Q

oncogenic

A

tumor producing

25
Q

pathogenic

A

produce disease

26
Q

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in thoracic cavity

caused by pneumonia and lung abcesses

27
Q

purulent

A

contains pus

28
Q

-rrhea

A

flow or discharge

29
Q

diarrhea

A

to flow through

30
Q

pyorrhea

A

flow or discharge of pus

31
Q

ot/o

A

ear

32
Q

otorrhea

A

discharge from the ear(s)

33
Q

otoscope

A

instrument used to examine the ear

34
Q

otic

A

pertaining to the ear

35
Q

otoscopy

A

process of examining the ear using an otoscope

36
Q

otitis

A

inflammation of the ear

37
Q

auris sinistra

A

left ear

38
Q

auris dextra

A

right ear

39
Q

auris uterque

A

both ears

40
Q

otalgia/ otodynia

A

ear pain, ear ache

41
Q

membrana tympani dextra (MTD)

A

right eardrum

42
Q

membrana tympani sinistra (MTS)

A

left eardrum

43
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose, discharge from the nose

44
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanum, eardrum, drum

45
Q

tympanic

A

pertaining to the eardrum

46
Q

tympanotomy, myringotomy

A

incision into the eardrum

ex: inserting tubes into the eardrum

47
Q

tympanectomy

A

excision of the eardrum

48
Q

metr

A

measure

49
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

50
Q

tympanometry

A

process of measuring the function of the eardrum

51
Q

tympanites

A

distended with gas, as tight as a drum

52
Q

a-, an-

A

not, lack of
a- before consonant
an- before vowel

53
Q

brady-

A

abnormally slow

54
Q

dys-

A

difficult, abnormal, poor, painful

55
Q

tachy-

A

abnormally fast

56
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

57
Q

audiology

A

study of hearing

58
Q

audiometer

A

process of measuring hearing

59
Q

audiometry

A

process of measuring hearing

60
Q

audiogram

A

record made by the instrument used to test hearing

61
Q

audiologist

A

hearing specialist

62
Q

phon/o

A

voice, vocal sounds

63
Q

aphonia

A

unable to make sounds

64
Q

dysphonia

A

weak voice

65
Q

bradyphasia

A

slow speech

66
Q

phas

A

speech

67
Q

aphasia

A

absence of speech

68
Q

phonic

A

pertaining to the voice

69
Q

phonometer

A

instrument used for measuring intensity of vocal sounds

70
Q

phonology

A

study of voice/vocal sounds

71
Q

audiology

A

study of hearing

72
Q

phasology

A

study of speech

73
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

74
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

75
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

76
Q

rhinotomy

A

incision of the nose

77
Q

lith/o

A

calculus or stone

78
Q

rhinolith

A

calculus or stone in the nose

79
Q

lithogenesis

A

producing or forming calculi or stones

80
Q

calculus

A

“pebble used for counting”

stone formed in the body

81
Q

lithiasis

A

infestation of the body with stones

82
Q

lithology

A

science of dealing with or studying calculi/stones

83
Q

lithotomy

A

incision for the removal of a stone

84
Q

lithometer

A

instrument for measuring the size of calculi

85
Q

cholelith

A

gallstone

86
Q

chol/e

A

gall or bile

87
Q

-iasis

A

suffix used to indicate a pathologic condition

infestation

88
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

89
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

protozoan parasite with a flagella

may cause trichomoniasis, infect urinary and repro tract and considered an STD

90
Q

cholecyst

A

gallbladder

91
Q

cholecystogram

A

x-ray of the gallbladder

92
Q

cholecystography

A

process of taking gallbladder x-ray

93
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder
accompanied by pain and hyperemesis
fatty foods aggravate symptoms

94
Q

cholecystotomy

A

incision into the gallbladder to remove a gallstone

95
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

96
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart action

97
Q

bradyphasia

A

slowness in eating or swallowing

98
Q

phag/o

A

eat

99
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heart action

100
Q

tachogram

A

record of the velocity of blood flow

101
Q

pne/o

A

respiration or breathing

102
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

103
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

104
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

105
Q

apnea

A

without breathing, cessation of breathing

106
Q

agenesis

A

without generation, failure to develop or lack of development

107
Q

carcinogenesis

A

development of cancer

108
Q

carcinogenic

A

pertaining to the development of cancer

109
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

110
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful or difficult menstruation

111
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

112
Q

dystrophy

A

poor development

113
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

114
Q

peps/o, pep/tic

A

digestion

115
Q

dyspepsia

A

poor digestion

116
Q

apepsia

A

cessation of digestion

117
Q

bradypepsia

A

slow digestion

118
Q

arrhythmia, dysrrhythmia

A

loss of correct rhythm

tachy and bradycardia are types of arrhythmias

119
Q

lexis

A

word or phrase

120
Q

dyslexia

A

condition of difficulty recognizing words and transposing letters or numbers

121
Q

dysphonia

A

condition characterized by difficulty vocalizing

122
Q

dysphasia

A

condition characterized by difficulty speaking

123
Q

therm/o

A

heat

124
Q

thermometer

A

instrument used to measure heat

125
Q

thermal, thermic

A

pertaining to heat

126
Q

thermoesthesia, thermoalgesia

A

oversensitivity to heat

127
Q

thermogenesis

A

formation of body heat

128
Q

thermophobia

A

abnormal fear of heat

129
Q

thermoplegia

A

heatstroke (paralysis)

130
Q

diathermy

A

heating through tissue (treatment)

131
Q

hyperthermia

A

high body temperature (fever)

132
Q

hypothermia

A

low body temperature

133
Q

microcephalus

A

abnormally small head

134
Q

microcyst

A

very small cyst

135
Q

microcyte

A

very small cell

136
Q

microcardia

A

condition of having a small heart

137
Q

microgram

A

one thousandth of a milligram

138
Q

microsurgery

A

surgery performed on minute structures using a microscope and small instruments

139
Q

macrocytes

A

very large cells

140
Q

macrocephalus

A

abnormally large head

141
Q

macroblast

A

large embryonic (germ) cell

142
Q

macrococcus

A

very large coccus (bacterium)

143
Q

macroglossia

A

abnormally large tongue

144
Q

macrotia

A

large ears

145
Q

macrorhinia

A

large nose

146
Q

macrocheilia

A

large lips

147
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers or toes

148
Q

dactylomegaly, macrodactylia

A

large fingers or toes

149
Q

dactylitis

A

inflammation of a digit

150
Q

dactylospasm

A

cramp/ spasm of a digit

151
Q

dactylogram

A

fingerprint

152
Q

polydactylism

A

too many fingers or toes

153
Q

syn-

A

with, together

154
Q

syndactylism

A

a joining together of two or more digits

155
Q

synergism

A

occurs when two or more drugs or organs working together produce an increased effect

156
Q

synergetic

A

working together, usually referring to muscles

157
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint

ex: sacrum, pelvis, skull

158
Q

drom/o

A

run

159
Q

dromomania

A

insane impulse to wander or roam

160
Q

syndrome

A

variety of symptoms occurring (running along) together

complete picture of a disease

161
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

syndrome due to alcoholism

characterized by nerve inflammation, insomnia, hallucinations, disorientation, and nerve pain

162
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

behavior changes and hyperemesis following a viral infection and fever may indicate this

163
Q

prodrome

A

running before a disease

symptom indicating an approaching disease

164
Q

dips

A

thirst

165
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

causes: excess salt, upset pituitary secretion, high blood sugar and lack of insulin

166
Q

dipsomania

A

alcoholism (old term)

abnormal compulsion to drink

167
Q

cholangiogram

A

x-ray of the bile ducts

168
Q

moniliasis

A

yeast infection

169
Q

paraphasia

A

abnormal speech