Unit Eleven - Human Body - Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of Respiratory System

Answer 1

Allows inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2 & Wastes

Question 2

Definition of Upper Respiratory Tract (2)

Answer 2

1. Consists of nose/nasal passages/pharynx/larynx
2. Filters/Warms/Moistens air before lungs

Question 3

Definition of Nose (4)

Answer 3

1. Filter, Warm & Moisten Air before Reaching Lungs
2. Filters - Hairs, cilia and mucus trap dust, germs, and allergens
3. Warms - Blood vessels transfer heat to air
4. Moistens - Wet surfaces prevent dryness in inhaled air

Question 4

Definition of Sinus (3)

Answer 4

1. Produces mucus
2. Drains into the nasal cavity
3. Trap particles & keeps airways moist

Question 5

Definition of Cilia (3)

Answer 5

1. Tiny hair-like structures
2. Move mucus & trapped particles to pharynx
3. Prevents harmful substances from reaching lungs

Question 6

Definition of Pharynx

Answer 6

1. Throat
2. Connects Nose & Mouth to Larynx

Question 7

Definition of Epiglottis

Answer 7

1. Flap of tissue, sits on top of Larynx
2. Blocks food from entering trachea

Question 8

Definition of Larynx

Answer 8

Voice box that contain vocal chords to produce sound
INSIDE TRACHEA

Question 9

Definition of Lower Respiratory Tract (2)

Answer 9

1. Contains trachea/bronchi/bronchioles/lungs
2. Gas Exchange of O2 & CO2

Question 10

Definition of Trachea (3)

Answer 10

1. Flexible tube extends from larynx & splits into bronchi
2. Held open by cartilage rings, PREVENTS COLLAPSE
3. Inner lining contains cilia & mucus (traps dust/pathogens)

Question 11

Definition of Bronchial Tubes (3)

Answer 11

1. Carries air from trachea to the lungs
2. Inner lining contains cilia & mucus (traps dust/pathogens)
3. Contains Left & Right Bronchi & Subdivide to Bronchioles

Question 12

Definition of Bronchioles (2)

Answer 12

1. Smallest branches of bronchial tubes
2. Eventually branches into Alveoli

Question 13

Definition of Lungs (3)

Answer 13

1. Responsible for Gas Exchange
2. Contains Alveoli
3. Located in chest/Protected by ribs/÷ into lobes

Question 14

Definition of Alveoli (4)

Answer 14

1. Tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs
2. Located at end of the bronchioles & in the lungs
3. One Cell Layer Thick
4. Allows Diffusion/Gas Exchange across the Membrane

Question 15

Definition of Diaphragm

Answer 15

1. Thin skeletal muscle
2. Located at base of chest, separates abdomen/chest
3. Changes position to control breathing

Question 16

How does the Diaphragm change position to control breathing? (4)

Answer 16

1. Inhalation - Contracts/Flattens
   - This creates a vacuum that pulls air into lungs
2. Exhalation - Relaxes
   - Pushes Air out of Lungs

Question 17

Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (3)

Answer 17

1. Cause: Pollution & Smoking
2. Loss of Cilia, Loss of Cleansing Action
3. AIrway narrows & fills w/ mucus

Question 18

Definition of Emphysema (4)

Answer 18

1. Cause: Smoking Inhalants
2. Alveoli lose Elasticity
3. Reduces SA for Gas Exchange
4. LESS DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN
   (Chronic & Incurable)

Question 19

Definition of Asthma

Answer 19

Airways narrow and produce excess mucus, making it hard to breath

(Triggers: Exercise, Allergens, Chemicals & Virus/Bacteria)

Question 20

What is the Respiratory Center?

Answer 20

Medulla (Section in Brain)