Unit Eleven - Human Body - Reproduction System

Question 1

Definition of Sperm (3)

Answer 1

1. Gamete of Males
2. Carries father’s genetic material
3. Fertilizes the female egg

Question 2

What are the external and internal organs of the male reproductive system? (3/6)

Answer 2

External System
- Testis
- Scrotum
- Penis
Internal System
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Seminal Vesicles
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands
- Urethra

Question 3

Definition of Testis (3)

Answer 3

GONAD
1. Gland produces sperm & testosterone
2. Located within the scrotum
3. Triggered by FSH & LH

There are two, so plural form is testes

Question 4

Definition of Scrotum (3)

Answer 4

1. Sac that holds the testis
2. Protects the testes
3. ↓ temp of testes for optimal sperm production

Question 5

Definition of Penis

Answer 5

Carries semen into female

Question 6

Definition of Bladder

Answer 6

Stores urine before it is expelled from the body

Question 7

What are the glands in the male reproductive system? (4)

Answer 7

1. Testes (Testicles)
2. Prostate Gland
3. Seminal Vesicles
4. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands

Question 8

What do Seminal Vesicles, Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Fluid & Prostate gland do? (3)

Answer 8

1. Produce nutrient rich fluid
2. To Produce E
3. Enhance Sperm Motility & Movement

Question 9

Definition of Epididymis

Answer 9

Where Sperm Matures

Question 10

Definition of Vas Deferens/Ductus Deferens

Answer 10

Tube that carries sperm from testis to urethra

Question 11

Definition of Urethra (2)

Answer 11

1. Tube within Penis
2. Release Semen (Sperm, Fluid, Urine)

Question 12

What hormones are associated with the male reproductive system? (2)

Answer 12

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone - Stimulate Sperm Production
2. Luteinizing Hormone - Stimulates Testosterone Production

Question 13

What is Spermatogenesis? (2)

Answer 13

Begin: Spermatogonium (2n/Diploid)
Result:- Four haploid sperms (n/Haploid)

Question 14

What is Oogenesis? (2)

Answer 14

Begin: Oogonium (2n/Diploid)
Result: One haploid ovum (n/Haploid) + Three polar bodies (n/Haploid)

Question 15

Definition of Ovaries (3)

Answer 15

1. Female Gonad, produces egg via meiosis
2. Produces Progesterone & Estrogen
3. Triggered by FSH & LH

Question 16

Definition of Fallopian Tubes/Oviducts (2)

Answer 16

1. Leads egg from ovary to uterus
2. Fertilization occurs here

Question 17

Definition of Uterus (3)

Answer 17

1. Thick, Smooth Muscular Orgasn
2. Sheds lining each month
3. Baby development occurs here

Question 18

Definition of Cervix (3)

Answer 18

1. Opening to Uterus
2. Dilated 10 cm for birthing baby
3. Connects Vagina to Uterus

Question 19

Definition of Vagina (2)

Answer 19

1. Birth Canal
2. Receives Sperm

Question 20

What are the 3 primary germ layers in embryonic development?

Answer 20

1. Endoderm (Inner) - Organ Lining, Digestive & Respiratory
2. Mesoderm (Middle) - Muscle, Bone, Blood
3. Ectoderm (Outer) - Skin & Nervous

Question 21

Definition of Menstrual Cycle (2)

Answer 21

1. Regulated by Hormones
2. No Fertilization = Drop in Hormone Levels = Shedding of Uterine Lining

Question 22

What hormones are associated with the Female Reproductive System? (4)

Answer 22

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone - Triggers Egg Maturation & Estrogen
2. Luteinizing Hormone - Triggers Ovulation
3. Estrogen - Secondary Female Characteristics
4. Progesterone - Thickens Uterine Lining

Question 23

Definition of Ovarian Follicle (3)

Answer 23

1. Fluid-filled sac in ovary
2. Contains immature egg
3. Ruptures to release mature egg in ovulation

Question 24

Definition of Ovulation

Answer 24

Mature egg is released from the ovaries

Question 25

How does the Luteinizing Hormone trigger ovulation? (3)

Answer 25

1. On day 14, pituitary gland releases a surge LH 2. Sudden spike in LH signals ovarian follicle to rupture 3. Releases a mature egg into fallopian tube for fertilization

Question 26

What happens after meiosis? (4)

Answer 26

1. Haploid Sperm fertilizes Haploid Egg in oviduct 2. Forms Diploid Zygote 3. Undergoes Mitosis & becomes embryo in oviduct/uterus 4. Cells differentiate into specialized cells in uterus

Question 27

Definition of Placenta (3)

Answer 27

1. Temporary organ in the uterus 2. Exchanges O2, Nutrients, Wastes, H2O, alcohol, drugs 3. Barrier between Mother & Fetal blood

Question 28

Definition of Umbilical Cord (2)

Answer 28

1. Connects fetus to placenta 2. Allows diffusion of H2O, O2, Nutrients, Waste

Question 29

Definition of Amnion (3)

Answer 29

1. Innermost membrane that encloses embryo 2. Filled with Amniotic Fluid 3. Provides cushion & protection

Question 30

Definition of Corpus Luteum

Answer 30

Develops from the ruptured follicle that released an egg and produces progesterone

Question 31

Definition of Endometrium

Answer 31

Inner lining of uterus