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Gross Anatomy > Urogenital system I > Flashcards

Urogenital system I Flashcards

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1
Q

Does the duration of urination change with body size?

A

Not really

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2
Q

What are the parts of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

What is the major function of the kidney?

A

Form urine from blood

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4
Q

What is the ratio of blood perfused in kidneys to amount of urine created?

A

1000L blood : 1L urine

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5
Q

Where is renin made?

A

In endocrine glands INSIDE kidney

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6
Q

What 2 hormones do kidneys produce?

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

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7
Q

Are kidneys covered by parietal peritoneum?

A

Only ventral surface

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8
Q

Which kidney is more variable in position?

A

Left

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9
Q

Why are kidneys considered retroperitoneal?

A

Located behind the peritoneum

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10
Q

By which vertebrae is the right kidney located?

A

T13 - L3

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11
Q

By which vertebrae is the left kidney located?

A

L2 - L4

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12
Q

Which animal has a weird looking kidne?

A

Cow

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13
Q

What does the dorsal surface of the kidneys contact?

A

lumbar hypaxial muscles

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14
Q

Does the dorsal surface of the kidneys have parietal peritoneum?

A

No

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15
Q

What does the ventral surface of the kidneys come in contact with?

A

Abdominal cavity

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16
Q

What does the lateral border of the right kidney contact?

A

Abdominal wall

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17
Q

What does the lateral border of the left kidney contact?

A

Spleen

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18
Q

What does the medial border of the right kidney contact?

A

caudal vena cava

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19
Q

What does the medial border of the left kidney contact?

A

Abdominal aorta

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20
Q

What does the cranial pole of the right kidney contact?

A

Caudate process of liver

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21
Q

What does the cranial pole of the left kidney contact?

A

Left lobe of pancreas

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22
Q

What does the caudal pole of the right kidney contact?

A

Ascending colon

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23
Q

What does the caudal pole of the left kidney contact?

A

Descending colon

Mesovarium

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24
Q

Where does the ureter connect to the kidney?

A

Hilus

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25
What is the renal sinus?
Recess from hilus that contains renal pelvis, fat and renal vessels
26
What is the renal pelvis?
Dilation of ureter in kidney
27
What is the function of the renal pelvis?
Receives urine from papillary ducts and passes it to ureter
28
What is the pelvic recess?
Curved diverticula of renal pelvis
29
Where are the pelvic recesses located?
Between renal pyramids
30
What is the fibrous capsule of the kidney made from?
Mostly collagen and a few elastic fibers
31
What is the clinical relevance of the kidney capsule having few elastic fibers?
Cannot swell with internal pressure
32
Can the fibrous capsule be stripped from a healthy kidney?
Yes
33
What is the renal cortex?
Outer portion of renal parenchyma
34
Why does the cortex have a granular appearance?
Renal corpuscles open to nephron
35
What is the renal medulla?
Inner portion of renal parenchyma
36
What gives the renal medulla a striated appearance?
Medullary rays
37
What is the function of the renal crest?
Urine drips from renal crest via papillary ducts to renal pelvis
38
What are openings of the papillary ducts called?
Papillary foramina
39
Where are renal papillae located?
Apex of renal pyramid
40
What do renal pyramids represent?
Lobes of kidneys
41
Are kidneys palpable?
Yes, both
42
Where do the renal veins dump to?
Caudal vena cava
43
What is the function of the ureter?
Carry urine from kidney to bladder
44
When does the pelvic ureter differentiate from the renal urter?
Entering genital fold (male) or broad ligament of uterus (female)
45
Does the ureter open on the dorsal or ventral surface of bladder?
Obliquely dorsal
46
What is the clinical relevance of the ureter entering the bladder obliquely?
Prevents reflux of urine in to ureter as pressure rises but does not prevent further filling of bladder
47
Which segment of the bladder has a remnant of the urachus?
Apex
48
Is the bladder covered by greater omentum?
No
49
What does the trigone of the bladder consist of?
2 ureteric orifices | Internal urethral orifice
50
What is the functions of the 2 lateral ligaments of the bladder?
COnnect bladder to pelvis wall
51
The free edge of the lateral ligaments is called the round ligament of the bladder, what is the embeyonic equivalent?
Umbilical arteries
52
What is the function of the median ligament of the bladder?
Connects ventral surface of the bladder to linea alba
53
What embryonic remnants are present in the median ligament of the bladder?
Urachus
54
What are the 2 parts of the male urethra?
Pelvic (internal) | Penile (external)
55
What is the scrotal raphe?
External mark of the scrotal spetum
56
Which testis usually is farther caudal?
Left
57
What are the 2 layers of the scrotum?
Skin | Tunica dartos
58
What is the function of the tunica dartos?
Smooth muscle layer to pull testes close to body
59
What is the function of the scrotal ligament?
Connect tunica dartos to ligament of the tail of the epididymis
60
What is unique about the cat testis and penis?
Testes located ventral to the anus Penis angled caudally
61
What connective tissue layers enclose the testes?
Tunica vaginalis Spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia
62
What is the clinical spermatic cord?
All vessels, nerves contained in vaginal tunic & cremaster muscle
63
What is located within vaginal tunic?
Pampiniform plexus Nerves Not cremaster muscle
64
What muscle does the external spermatic fascia originate from?
External abdominal oblique
65
Where does the internal spermatic fascia originate from?
Transverse fascia
66
What are the 7 scrotal layers from superficial to deep?
``` Skin Tunica dartos Scrotal septum External spermatic fascia Parietal layer of vaginal tunic visceral layer of vaginal tunic Tunica albuginea ```

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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