Flashcards in Vector-Borne Transmission Deck (49)
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1
Describe the structure of Borrelia
Long spirochete
0.4uM (big enough for light microscope)
Stain G-, but NO LPS
Inflamm. lipoproteins in outer membrane
2
Four indicators of sepsis?
Hypotension
Fever
Heightened HR/BR
Infection Signs
3
Clinical Presentation of Borrelia recurrentis, hermsii, and 20 others
Bacteremia within week of inoculation
Fever, Intense Headache, Muscle Pain for 3-5 days
Symptoms Recurr after 5-10 days latency
May eventually form necrotic foci at parenchymatous organs
4
Why does Borrelia recurrentis keep on coming back?
Antigenic variation (may go through 5-10 cycles)
5
Borrelia burgdorferi (and 9 others in Eurpose) cause...
Lyme Disease
6
Symptoms of Lyme Disease?
Early -- Flu-like, Bull's Eye Rash
Early Disseminated -- Facial Nerve Palsy, Meningitis, Carditis
Chronic -- Arthritis, Joint Pain, Affect Heart/Nerves
7
Classy name for Bull's Eye Rash?
Erythema chronicum migrans
8
How is Borrelia recurrentis spread?
Human Louse
9
How is Borrelia hermsii spread?
Soft bodied ticks with a rodent reservoir
-- Transovarian and through bite
10
How is Borrelia burgdorferi spread?
Deer tick nymph with deer, mouse, or bird reservoir
11
Pathogenesis of Borrelia recurrentis and hermsii
Uses VMP (variable major protein) antigen
Mostly the same, with a few mutants
Abs select for the mutants
12
What leads to Borrelia recurrentis latency? relapse?
Latency -- Most of the population killed
Relapse -- Mutant variety grows to repopulate
13
Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi
Multiple rounds of symptoms probably means multiple infections with difference burgdorferi strains
14
How is Borrelia controlled?
- Avoid Vectors
- No effective vaccine
15
How is Borrelia treated?
Doxycycline or synthetic penicillins
can use 3rd gen cephalosporins
16
Describe the structure of Rickettsiae
Small G- Rods
17
Growth conditions required for Rickettsiae?
Obligate intracellular parasite
18
How is Rickettsiae cultured?
Yolk sac of embryonated egg
19
Four groups of Rickettsiae?
Typhus group
Spotted Fever Group
Enlichia, Anaplasma
Coxiella burnetti
20
Which of the four Rickettsiae groups isn't really a Rickettsiae, but is likely classified that way according to our shelf materials
Coxiella burnetti
21
Who is in the Rickettsiae Typhus group?
Where do they grow?
prowazekii, typhi, akari
Cytoplasm of Host Cell
22
Who is in the Rickettsiae Spotted Fever group?
Where do they grow?
rickettsii
Cytoplasm of host cell
23
Describe the lifecycle of Rickettsiae ehrlichia, anaplasma.
Chlamydia-like (RB-EB alternation) in monocytes (Ehr) or granulocytes (Ana)
24
What is structurally unique about Rickettsiae ehrlichia, anaplasma
NO PG or LPS
25
Where do Coxiella burnetti grow?
Host cell phagolysosome
26
What should you never treat coxiella burnetti with?
Sulfonamides -- they enhance the growth
27
Clinical presentation of Rickettsiae Typhus group?
Parasite of BV endothelium
Vasculitis, Rash (Chest-->Extremities)
Weakness, Fever
28
Clinical presentation of Rickettsiae Spotted Fever group?
Rash from extremities (Palms and Soles) --> Trunk
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
29
What does Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever entail?
Abrupt fever, headache, nausea, vomiting
Muscle, Joint, Ab pains from vasculitis of organs
50% fatal untreated
30
