Week 1 (A) - Completed

Question 1

ALL neurons in the Centra Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Enteric Nervous System (ENS) communicate via chemical signals, T/F

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Where is

Norepinephrine (NE)

produced?

Answer 2

Locus Coeruleus

Question 3

Where is

Histamine (HA) (aka ‘forgotten one)

produced?

Answer 3

Posterior hypothalamus

Question 4

Where is

Cholinergic (ACh)

produced?

Answer 4

Pontine and basal forebrain

Question 5

Where is

Dopamine (DA)

produced?

Answer 5

Ventral tegmental area and Substantial nigra (both in midbrain)

More localised projections

Question 6

Where is

Serotonin (5-HT)

produced?

Answer 6

Raphe nuclei, distributed in the brainstem

Question 7

Hormones cannot influence neurotransmitter function because the nervous system and endocrine system are separate, T/F

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

How big is the blood brain barrier (think kms)

Answer 8

600km!

Question 9

The nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord constitute the what?

Answer 9

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 10

The Enteric Nervous System is a component part of the Central Nervous System, T/F

Answer 10

FALSE

The ENS is part of the Peripheral Nervous System, (PNS)

Question 11

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) has how many neurons, and is sometimes referred to as the what?

Answer 11

100 million

2nd brain

Question 12

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) can operate independently of the brain, and has its own reflexes and senses, T/F

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

95% of your dopamine is found in the gut/Enteric Nervous System (ENS), T/F

Answer 13

FALSE

It’s 95% of serotonin!

Question 14

Of the connections between gut (ENS) and brain, what percentage go TOWARD the brain?

(ie from gut to brain)

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

We heard the terms ‘microbiome’ and ‘microbiota’. What do they each mean?

Answer 15

The microbiota refers to the micro-organisms that live in the gut

The microbiome refers to the combined genetic material of the microbiota

Question 16

An adult microbiome contains more genetic material than the human genome, by a factor of what?

Answer 16

> 100 times more

Question 17

Name the three pathways through which the gut microbiota modulates the development and homeostasis of the CNS

Answer 17

1. Immune
2. Circulatory
3. Neural

Question 18

The links between the brain and the immune system are unidirectional, T/F

Answer 18

FALSE

Links are bidirectional

Question 19

What are the thingos that are released by the immune system that trigger sickness behaviour

Answer 19

CYTOKINES!

Question 20

What is the name give to small protein cells that do cell signalling - as in, they are released by cells and influence the behaviour of other cells

Answer 20

Cytokines

Question 21

Can cytokines pass through the blood brain barrier?

Answer 21

Nope, they are too big

They must either enter indirectly, or trigger new cytokines inside the brain

Question 22

What purpose does sickness behaviour serve?

Answer 22

Organised strategy to conserve energy and the fight against infection