Week 6 (A) - Complete Flashcards
(24 cards)
Some neuroanatomy…
What is the LDT?
LateroDorsal Tegmental (LDT) nuclei
Some neuroanatomy…
What is the PPT?
Pedunculopontine Tegmental (PPT) nuclei
PED-UNCULO-PONTINE
Some neuroanatomy…
What is the TMN?
Tuberomamilliary Nucleus (TMN)
TUBERO-MAMILLIARY
Some neuroanatomy…
What is the PAG?
Periaqueductal Grey Matter (PAG)
PERI-AQUEDUCTAL
Some neuroanatomy…
What is the BF?
Basal forebrain
What is the neurotransmitter that controls sleep?
Orexin
Where does Orexin come from
Lateral hypothalamus
What is the nucleus that inhibits the wakefulness system?
The Ventrolateral Pre-optic Nucleus (VLPO)
What is the Ventrolateral Pre-optic Nucleus (VLPO) all about
The origin of the system that inhibits the wakefulness system
Legions in which two regions reduce sleep?
VLPO and BF
Ventrolateral Pre-optic Nucleus (VLPO)
Basal forebrain (BF)
What conceptual problem does the ‘flip flop switch’ solve?
With so many inputs to the system, why is the sleep/wake system so stable? Why are sleep and wakefulness consolidated into blocks?
What neurotransmitter is the ‘finger on the switch’ of REM sleep?
Cholinergic cells located in the LDT/PPT
very active during REM sleep, moderately active during wakefulness and inactive during Non-REM sleep
What are the actual neurons that get triggered by the REM-on switch?
GABAergic cells in the sublateral dorsal (SLD) region of pons
High active in REM and inhibit the REM-off neurons
Which neurons inhibit REM?
PS if you remember this you will be fine for anything else
Ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) / lateral pontine tegmentum (LPT) GABAergic neurons
What brain regions ‘switch on’ the ‘REM-off’ neurons?
LC and Raphe
If you have low levels of OREXIN during SLEEP, what does this permit?
REM sleep
If you have low levels of OREXIN during WAKE, what does that do?
Makes it hard to stay awake
and also allows intrusion of REM sleep
If Orexin coordinates sleep/wake system during wakefulness, what coordinates it during non-REM sleep?
VLPO
Ventrolateral Pre-optic Nucleus (VLPO)
Is Orexin excitatory or inhibitory
Excitatory
Are VLPO nucleus neurones excitatory or inhibitory?
Inhibitory
The VLPO has two regions, a core and an extended bit, which one does REM sleep and which one does non_REM sleep?
the core does N-REM and the extended bit does REM
If you knock out the VLPO, what happens to your sleep
You lose half it
You probably keep half because the BF is also involved in the same stuff
What cells are the ‘finger on the switch’ of the REM ON?
Cholinergic in the LDT/PPT
Which brain region is the ‘finger of the switch’ of REM OFF
LC and Raphe
