Week 3 (B) - Complete Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is mean by the term ‘somatotropic distribution’
The fact that each area of the M1 corresponds to a particular region of the body
Nerves that take information from M1 to the muscles are called Descending Motor Tracts.
There are two types, what are they?
- Lateral tracts - Control peripheral muscles for fine, precise and discreet
movements. - Ventromedial (medial) tracts - Control core muscles for postural movements and bilateral movements such as those required for standing and bending.
What do the lateral tracts control?
Control peripheral muscles for fine, precise and discreet
movements.
What do the Ventromedial (medial) tracts do
Control core muscles for postural movements and bilateral movements such as those required for standing and bending.
What is the ‘red nucleus’ and what is it involved in?
A spot within the midbrain area, and it’s involved in arm movements
Where in the central nervous system would I find ‘pyramids’
In the medulla
they are bulges in the medulla
Of the lateral tracts and the ventromedial tracts, which run down BOTH sides of the spinal cord?
Ventromedial tracts
The lateral tracts run down the contralateral side of the spinal cord, T/F
TRUE
Of the lateral tracts and the ventromedial tracts, which links to axons from many parts of the cerebral cortes (not just M1)
Ventromedial tracts
When we start planning a movement, what is one of the first areas to become active?
Posterior parietal cortex (PPC)
When we start planing a movement, the POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX (PPC) is one of the first areas to become active.
To where does the PPC ‘pass information’ next?
Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
When planning/executing a movement, what are the THREE things that the PFC does?
- Stores sensory information
- considers possible outcomes once movement begins
- Creates an action plan
If you have damage to the PFC, what might happen to your motor movement?
illogical,
disorganised movements
When we start planing a movement, the POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX (PPC) is one of the first areas to become active, and it passes information to the PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC).
Where does it go next?
Premotor cortex (PMC)
Damage to one area of the brain creates problem for ‘arbitrary’ movement (ie someone instructing you to do something), but not for non-arbitrary movement
Premotor cortex (PMC)
When we start planing a movement, the POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX (PPC) is one of the first areas to become active, and it passes information to the PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) and then to the PREMOTOR CORTEX…
Where does it go next?
Supplementary motor cortex (SMC)
What is the main thing that the SUPPLEMENTARY CORTEX does?
Manage sequences of movements (golf swing, key in lock)
What can result from damage to the SUPPLEMENTARY CORTEX?
Sequences of movement out of order
When is the decision to move made?
200ms before movement
When does the SUPPLEMENTARY CORTEX activate, relative to a movement?
2-3 seconds prior
When does the PREFRONTAL CORTEX and POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX activate, relative to a movement
7 to 10 seconds
What does the BASAL GANGLIA do for our movement?
Regulates the vigour
What are the two pathways of the BASAL GANGLIA, and what do they do?
- Direct - excitatory effect on movement
2. Indirect - inhibitory effect on movement
What two brain regions re activated while preparing to INHIBIT a movement?
- Prefrontal cortex
2. Basal ganglia
