Week 3 (A) - Complete

Question 1

Along which axis does the sagittal plane run?

Answer 1

front to back, as if a drop saw was going through the head top to bottom

Question 2

Whats the name of the thing where a blind person can navigate around things they can’t consciously see?

Answer 2

Blindsight

Question 3

Name the three kinds of muscle cells/fibres

Answer 3

1. Skeletal (striated): voluntary movements
2. Smooth: gut and lungs
3. Cardiac: heart

Question 4

All muscles can either contract or de-contract, except the cardiac muscles, T/F

Answer 4

FALSE

Muscles can only contract

Question 5

What are the two types of muscle contraction?

Answer 5

1. IsoMETRIC

2. IsoTONIC

Question 6

Of the two types of muscle contraction, which involves movement?

(The other involving just tension, like pulling on a fixed wire)

Answer 6

IsoMETRIC

Question 7

Muscle fibres can be enervated by up to how many axons?

Answer 7

Only ever 1!

But an axon can enervate a bunch of muscle fibres

Question 8

For fine motor control, what is the typical ratio of muscle fibres to motor unit

Answer 8

Few (muscle fibres per motor unit)

And the opposite is true for gross movements

Question 9

Of Anaerobic and Aerobic muscles, which is the ‘fast twitch’ type?

Answer 9

Anaerobic

Question 10

What are the two difference between muscle contract and synaptic transmission?

Answer 10

1. Action potentials ALWAYS cause a muscle twitch (there is not threshold)
2. Action potential propagates in all directions

Question 11

Given that in a muscle contraction the action potential always results i a muscle twitch, how is force modulated?

(TWO THINGS)

Answer 11

1. Number of motor neurons activated

2. Rate of firing of the motor neuron

Question 12

What is the name given to the ‘normal’ muscle fibres (as in, the ones enervated by the alpha motor neuron, not the ones involved in reflexes)?

Answer 12

EXTRAfusal

Question 13

What is the name given to muscle figures involved in reflexes?

Hint: they have two different names

Answer 13

1. INTRAfusal muscles

or

2. Muscle spindles

Question 14

What purpose to Golgi tendon organs serve?

Answer 14

Reflexes

Question 15

Where are golgi tendon organs located?

Answer 15

In… the tendons

Question 16

What are golgi tendon organs made out of?

Answer 16

Bundles of nerves

Question 17

What do golgi tendon organs detect that muscle spindles don’t?

Answer 17

Muscle STRETCH

Muscle spindles detect LENGTH