Week 10 (B) Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define Apnea
termination of airflow for <10 seconds
Define Hyponea
(it’s a long one)
a >50% decrement in airflow for >10sec associated with either an arousal from sleep or a >3% fall in arterial oxygen saturation
What is the metric used on the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI)
Number of events / hour
What’s the difference between OBSTRUCTIVE and CENTRAL Sleep Apnea?
Obstructive - respiratory efforts, but can’t breath
Central - no respiratory efforts
What happens in Congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Damaged heart delays feedback of blood 02/C02 to the brain
What is Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)?
A genetic condition of abnormal RTN function such that patients do not respond to CO2.
What do OPIOIDS do to the responsiveness of the body to 02 and C02?
They reduce responsiveness to low 02 and to high C02
They also inhibit the Pre-Boetzinger neurons
What are the consequences of Congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Sleepiness + disturbed sleep
What are the consequences of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)?
Death or serious brain damage
How do you treat Congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Optimise heart function, artificial ventilation
How do you treat Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)?
Artificial ventilation
What is meant by the term ‘neuromuscular compensation’?
The way a bunch of muscles around the airways say stiff to keep it open…, which is necessary for OBSTRUCTIVE sleep apnea because people with this condition have small airways
What is the GENIOGLOSSUS?
Basically, the tongue
What is the main BEHAVIOURAL consequence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
What are the main AFFECTIVE consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
Moody
Depression
Links to anxiety and depression
What are the TWO main COGNITIVE consequence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
- Impaired attention/vigilance
2. Impaired memory/learning
What is the MAIN treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Attach a vacuum cleaner to your face and put it in reverse
aka Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
What are the TWO alternative treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
- Mandibular Advancement Splints (MAS)
Kinda like a mouthguard that pulls the jaw forward and enlarges the airway
- Airway surgery to enlarge the airways
Both 50% success rate
