Week 2 (B) - Complete

Question 1

Hormones are involved in glial and nueronal development, structure and function, T/F

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Hormones can affect the quality of cognition and mood, T/F

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Hormones have been shown to play NO role in psychopathology

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

Prevalence rates of depression (and most anxiety disorders) in women maps onto which hormonally induced life changes

Answer 4

Puberty and menopause

Question 5

What percentage of all animal and human studies that look at the key mechanism of anxiety disorders use female participants?

Answer 5

<2%

Question 6

Name the THREE main sex hormones

Answer 6

1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
3. Testosterone

Question 7

Tell me FOUR things about ESTROGEN

Answer 7

1. Cluster of similar compounds – most common in humans are estrone (E1), 17beta estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3).
2. Estradiol is the most potent endogenous estrogen in humans and the subject of most research.
3. Adult males much lower estradiol levels than females females levels fluctuate across the menstrual cycle.
4. In pregnancy, estrogen levels increase x9 fold, and drop dramatically post-pregnancy and post-menopause.

Question 8

Tell me FOUR things about PROGESTERONE

Answer 8

1. P4 is the most abundant and potent subtype in humans
2. P4 binds to progesterone receptors and synthesized by prenenolone.
3. In males progesterone remains stable across the life-span, but fluctuates across the menstrual phase in females.
4. Progesterone levels highest in pregnancy the fall dramatically after menopause.

Question 9

Tell me TWO things about TESTOSTERONE

Answer 9

1. It is a steroid from androstane class which binds to androgen receptors.
2. Less focus on it in research in relation to mental health and psychopathology.

Question 10

In males, oestrogen is actually made out of testosterone, T/F

Answer 10

TRUE

This may also apply to females, I just don’t know

Question 11

What type of brain development function are oestrogen and progesterone important for?

Answer 11

New synapse formation (plasticity)

Question 12

What are the three hormones that spike at ovulation?

Answer 12

1. Estrogen
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
3. Follice-Stimulating

Question 13

Some people argue that testosterone should not be conceptualised in terms of gender, and should instead be conceptualised in terms of a spectrum between

Answer 13

Competition and nurturance

Question 14

Estrogen is linked to what three good things?

Answer 14

1. Better mood
2. Improved memory
3. improved executive function

Question 15

Amazingly, administration of oestrogen by bias decision making towards what?

Answer 15

Smaller, more accessible goals

Question 16

Low oestrogen (across the menstrual cycle) is correlated with what?

Answer 16

Suicide attempts

Question 17

According to the Danish study, using the pill increased anti-depression use in adolescents by what percentage?

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

Roughly what proportion of mothers experience post part blues, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis, respectively

Answer 18

1. 30-75%
2. 10-15%
3. 0.01-2%

Question 19

Why do some people think there is a link between SCZ and hormones

Answer 19

Timing… The former generally emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood, at a time when the hormonal balance of people has changed heaps

Question 20

What are FOUR bad things that low testosterone is associated with?

Answer 20

1. Reduced mood
2. Depression
3. Impaired concentration
4. Reduced confidence