Week 6 (B) - Complete

Question 1

Which side of sleep is hypnoGOGIC?

Answer 1

Falling asleep

Question 2

Which side of sleep is hypnoPOMPIC?

Answer 2

Waking up

Question 3

Sleep paralysis is associated with REM at sleep onset, T/F

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What are the THREE main types of sleep paralysis

Answer 4

1. Intruder
2. Incubus
3. Vestibular-Motor

Question 5

What is one theory to explain the scary stuff that happens in sleep paralysis?

Answer 5

Amygdala activated for some reason

Brain invents the threat in order to make sense of it

Question 6

What is thought to be the cause of sleep paralysis?

Answer 6

Disturbances in the sleep-wake system

Question 7

What are the FOUR classified’s features of NARCOLEPSY?

Answer 7

Mandatory
1. Excessive daytime sleepiness

Typical
2. Cataplexy (60-70%)

3. Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations (30-60%)
4. Sleep paralysis (25-50%)

Question 8

So from a kinda medical point of view, what is going on with NARCOLEPSY

Answer 8

REM sleep components intruding into wake

• cataplexy = REM sleep atonia
• sleep paralysis = REM sleep atonia
• hallucinations = intrusions of dreams

Question 9

One thing we can say for sure is that OREXIN functioning is unchanged in people with NARCOLEPSY, T/F

Answer 9

FALSE

Orexin signalling is altered in Narcolepsy
– Absent/very low orexin in most cases
– Possible receptor abnormality.

Question 10

Why do people think Narcolepsy might have an autoimmune component?

Answer 10

Because it’s onset often follows illness/vaccination

Question 11

What THREE steps are used to diagnose NARCOLEPSY?

Answer 11

1. Abnormal immune function (HLA subtyping)
2. Sleep study (short SOL, short REM latency, increased wake)

3 Multiple Sleep Latency Test (rapid sleep onset, REM onset)

Question 12

What are the THREE treatments for NARCOLEPSY?

Answer 12

1. EDS - planned naps, CNS stimulants (dexis etc), sodium oxybate
2. CATAPLEXY - antidepressants, sodium oxybate
3. Attempts to find Orexin receptor agonists (Orexin can’t cross BBB)

Question 13

What defines REM Behaviour Disorder?

Answer 13

Loss of atonia in REM - act out dreams, like Holly

Question 14

In rats, which brain region was legioned to produce REM sleep without atonia (ie REM Behaviour Disorder

Answer 14

SLD

Sublateral dorsal (SLD) region

Question 15

What is SOMNAMBULISM?

Answer 15

Sleep walking

Question 16

Which sleep period does SOMNAMBULISM occur during?

Answer 16

N-REM (SWS)

Question 17

What is the SLD the switch for?

Answer 17

The REM ON

ON

ON

AND ITS INHIBITORY - IT INHIBITS THE THING THAT INHIBITS REM…

Question 18

What is the REM ON switch?

Answer 18

SLD

AND ITS INHIBITORY - IT INHIBITS THE THING THAT INHIBITS REM…

Question 19

What is the vlPAG and LPT the switch for?

Answer 19

REM OFF

off

OFFFFFFFF

Question 20

What is the REM OFF switch?

Answer 20

vlPAG/LPT