Week 7 (B) - Complete

Question 1

How does acute exercise affect sleep?

Answer 1

Minimally

Question 2

How does physical injury affect sleep?

Answer 2

Increases sleepiness

Question 3

What happens to immune function if sleep deprived?

Answer 3

Impaired

Question 4

What is the name given to the pathway of fluid flow in the brain that clears microscopic waste?

Answer 4

The GLYMPHATIC system

Question 5

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid never interchange, T/F

Answer 5

FALSE

They constantly interchange.

Waste products are collected from the interstitial space and exit the brain via the glymphatic system

Question 6

What happens to the GLYMPHATIC system during sleep?

Answer 6

Dramatically increases

Question 7

What is BETA AMYLOID’s relationship to Alzheimer’s

Answer 7

It builds up and forms senile plaques

Question 8

When we’re thinking about sleep, why is it relevant to know that BETA AMYLOID build up is related to Alzheimers?

Answer 8

Because a lot (65%) of the brain’s BETA AMYLOID is cleared out by the glymphatic system during sleep.

And not being able to sleep is a risk factor for AD

Question 9

What is the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis (SHY)?

Answer 9

The idea that one function of sleep is to trim down all the synaptic connections (potentiation) that occurred during the day

Question 10

What does genetics tell us in relation to the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis (SHY)?

Answer 10

The genes involved in synaptic plasticity are UPregulated in wakefulness

Question 11

What is the Neural Network Theory ?

Answer 11

Sleep is initiated at a local level in response to brain activity, rather than being imposed by sleep regulatory networks

Question 12

What is the key piece of evidence relating to neural network theory of sleep?

Answer 12

EEG evidence (implanted in epilepsy patients) show that different parts of the brain can be in different states simultaneously

Question 13

What are three pieces of anecdotal evidence for Local Sleep?

Answer 13

1. Sleep disorders (sleep walking and talking)
2. Marine mammals (hemispheric sleep)
3. Normal sleep unfolds regionally

Bonus point:
4. Amount of SWS is regionally use dependent

Question 14

If local sleep is a thing, then why is global sleep also a thing?

Three ideas

Answer 14

1. Parallel independent processes may have roughly the same homeostatic drive
2. Sleep may be somehow ‘contagious’ between columns
3. Independent processes entrain each other