Week 11

Question 1

What is metacognition?

Answer 1

People’s understanding of the way they perform cognitive tasks such as remembering, learning or solving problems.

Question 2

What is emergent norm theory?

Answer 2

Collective behaviour is regulated by norms based on distinctive behaviour that arises in initially normless crowd.

Question 3

What are the three types of self awareness?

Answer 3

Objective self awareness, private self awareness and public self awareness.

Question 4

What is deindividuation?

Answer 4

Process whereby people lose sense of socialised individual identity and engage in unsocialised, often antisocial, behaviours.

Question 5

What is collective behaviour?

Answer 5

The behaviour of people en masse.

Question 6

What is metamemory?

Answer 6

Knowledge about one’s own memory and strategies that can be used to help remember

Question 7

What is intergroup behaviour?

Answer 7

Behaviour among individuals that is regulated by those individual’s awareness of and identification with different social groups.

Question 8

What are the two types of groups?

Answer 8

Ingroup and outgroup.

Question 9

What is the ingroup?

Answer 9

Group that you belong to.

Question 10

What is the outgroup?

Answer 10

Group that you don’t belong to.

Question 11

What is social categorisation?

Answer 11

Classification of people as members of different social groups.

Question 12

What is the minimal condition for being part of the group?

Answer 12

may be the only necessary precondition for being a group and engaging in intergroup behaviour, provided that people identify with that category.

Question 13

What is social identity theory?

Answer 13

Theory of group membership and intergroup relations based on self categorisation self comparasion and construction o a shared self definition in terms of ingroup defining properties.

Question 14

What do self comparisions stem from?

Answer 14

Self comparisons stem from ingroup and outgroup distinctions.

Question 15

What is social identity?

Answer 15

The part of the self-concept that derives from our membership of social groups.

Question 16

What is a stereotype?

Answer 16

Widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and its members.

Question 17

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 17

Evaluative preference for all aspects of our own group relative to other group.

Question 18

What is ingroup favouritism?

Answer 18

Behaviour that favours one’s own group over groups.

Question 19

What is intergroup differentiation?

Answer 19

Behaviour that emphasises differences between our own group and other groups.

Question 20

What is one reason intergroup aggression may occur?

Answer 20

Relative Deprivation.

Question 21

What is relative deprivation?

Answer 21

A sense of having less than we feel entitled to.

Question 22

What is egoistic relative deprivation?

Answer 22

A feeling of personally having less than we feel we are entitled to, relative to our aspirations and or to other individuals.

Question 23

What is fraternalistic relative deprivation?

Answer 23

Sense that our group has less than it is entitled to, relative to its aspirations or to other groups.

Question 24

Why is relative deprivation an interesting concept?

Answer 24

It is an individual concept and a group concept.

Question 25

What is realistic conflict theory?

Answer 25

Sherif’s theory of intergroup conflict that explains intergroup behaviour in terms of the nature of goal relations between groups.

Question 26

How can you improve integroup frustation from a relative deprivation angle?

Answer 26

• preventing frustration • lowering people’s expectations • distracting people from realising they are frustrated • providing people with harmless (non-social) activities to vent frustration • minimising aggressive associations among frustrated people  

Question 27

How can you improve integroup frustation from realistic conflict theory perspective?

Answer 27

* existence of superordinate goals * cooperation for the achievement of superordinate goals * avoidance of mutually exclusive goals

Question 28

How can you improve integroup frustation from a social identity theory perspective?

Answer 28

* intergroup stereotypes become less derogatory and polarised * existence of mutually legitimised non-violent forms of intergroup competition

Question 29

Are prejudice, discrimination and integroup conflict difficult to reduce?

Answer 29

Yes.

Question 30

What may help group be in contact with one another?

Answer 30

Education, propaganda and shared goals may help and simply bring groups physically or psychologically in contact with one another can be effective and provide a number of conditions are met.

Question 31

What is the contact hypothesis?

Answer 31

The view that bringing members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relations and reduce prejudice and discrimination.

Question 32

What are strategies to reduce prejudice, discrimination and integroup conflict?

Answer 32

Bargaining, mediation, arbitarian and concilitation.

Question 33

What is bargaining?

Answer 33

Process of intergroup conflict resolution where representatives reach agreement through direct negiogate.

Question 34

What is mediation?

Answer 34

Process of intergroup conflict resolution where a neutral third party intervenes in the negiogation process to facilitate a settlement.

Question 35

What is arbitration?

Answer 35

Process of intergroup conflict resolution in which a neutral third party is invited to impose a mutually binding settlement.

Question 36

What is conciliation?

Answer 36

Process whereby groups make cooperative gestures to one another in the hope of avoiding an esculation of conflict.