Week 7- Adolescence Flashcards
1
Q
Adolescence (age range)
A
11-18 years
2
Q
Young adulthood (age range)
A
18-22/25 years
3
Q
Infancy (age range)
A
Birth-1 year
4
Q
Parts of infancy
A
Neonatal and infant
5
Q
Neonatal (age range)
A
Birth-2 weeks of age
6
Q
Infant (age range)
A
3 weeks-12 months
7
Q
Toddlerhood (age range)
A
13 months-2 years (2 years, 11 months)
8
Q
Parts of early childhood
A
Preschool
Elementary school
9
Q
Preschool (age range)
A
3-5 years
10
Q
Elementary school (age range)
A
5-10 years (10 yrs, 11 months)
11
Q
Adolescence (age range)
A
11-18 years
12
Q
Young adulthood (age range)
A
18-22/25 years
13
Q
Adulthood (age range)
A
22-40 years
14
Q
Middle age (age range)
A
40-65 years
15
Q
Late adulthood (age range)
A
65+ years
16
Q
Erik Erickson’s stage for adolescence
A
Identity vs Confusion
17
Q
The adolescent decade is viewed as a transition period between ___________ and __________
A
Childhood
Adulthood
18
Q
The adolescent period begins with ___________ and ends with ___________
A
Sexual maturity
Cessation of growth
19
Q
The adolescent period involves ___________ and ___________ development
A
Physical
Psychological
20
Q
Physical and psychological development in the adolescent period
A
-Reach physical and sexual maturity
-Grow self consciousness and search for identity
-Develop more sophisticated reasoning ability and abstract thinking
21
Q
Marked by rapid physical growth and development of secondary sex characteristics
A
Pre-adolescence
22
Q
Puberty age range in females
A
8-10 years
23
Q
Puberty age range in males
A
9-11 years
24
Q
This occurs when a child’s sexual and physical characteristics mature
A
Puberty
25
Puberty occurs due to ___________ changes
Gonadal hormone
26
Puberty ends with the onset of ___________
Menses
27
Menarche occurs at age...
12-13 years
28
At the end of puberty males begin producing...
Sperm
29
Four major changes of puberty
-Development of primary sex characteristics (sex organs)
-Development of secondary sex characteristics
-Rapid physical growth (spurt in height and weight)
-Changes in body proportions
30
Primary sex characteristics
Testes and ovaries
31
Secondary sex characteristics
Physical appearance
32
Factors affecting timing of puberty
-Genetics
-Stress
-Socioeconomic status
-Environmental toxins
-Nutrition and diet, exercise
-Amount of fat and body weight
-Chronic illness
33
True or false: Puberty is second to the prenatal period as the phase of most rapid growth
True
34
True or false: The rate of physical growth continues after puberty
False
(slows down)
35
Growth spurt begins with...
Feet --> legs --> trunk
36
They grow 4-12 inches during puberty
Boys
37
They grow 2-8 inches during puberty
Girls
38
During puberty, both boys and girls gain ______ lbs
15-65
39
Their growth ceases between 16-17 years of age; reach 98% of final height by age 17
Girls
40
They continue to grow in height up to 18-20 years of age; reach 98% of final height by age 18
Boys
41
BMI < 18.5
Underweight
42
BMI 18.8-24.9
Healthy weight
43
BMI 25-29.9
Overweight
44
BMI 30+
Obese
45
BMI for age is <5%
Underweight
46
BMI for age is 5%-85%
Healthy weight
47
BMI for age is 85%-95%
Overweight
48
BMI for age is 95%+
Obese
49
True or false: During puberty the nose reaches adult size first in the face
True
50
True or false: During puberty, arms and legs reach adult size before hands and feet
False
(hands and feet THEN arms and legs)
51
True or false: During puberty, the trunk becomes longer than the LE
False
(LE becomes longer than trunk)
52
True or false: During puberty, bones often grow faster than muscles leading to motor awkwardness
True
53
True or false: Growth slows down later in adolescence
True
54
True or false: Later in adolescence, body proportions are not similar to those of adults
False
(they are similar)
55
Later in adolescence, bone growth stops at about ____ yrs old for girls and _____ yrs old for boys
18
21
56
True or false: Adolescents learn to stabilize the organization of different muscular patterns (improved coordination)
True
57
_________________ is attained when the epiphyseal plates grow
Skeletal maturity
58
True or false: Epiphyseal closure begins in childhood
True
59
Epiphyseal closure is typically complete (ALL epiphyseal growth plates closed) at age ____
25
60
True or false: A fracture across a growth plate does not lead to asymmetrical growth of that joint
False
(it does)
61
True or false: The use of ultrasound is contraindicated over epiphyseal areas in children
True
62
For most people height will not increase after age 18-20 due to the closure in the...
Growth plates of long bones
63
On average, females stop growing around age _____ and boys around _____
13-15 yrs
15-17 yrs
64
True or false: Bone is mature through much of adolescence
False
(immature)
65
How is bone immature in adolescence?
-More porous with thick periosteum
-Unstable physes (growth plates)
66
Indicator of maturation
Compare ossification amount on x-ray with standards
67
True or false: Muscle mass does not increase first as the body grows
False
(it does increase first)
68
True or false: Adult muscle diameter is reached in early teens (12-15 yrs)
True
69
Increases in strength is directly related to increases in ______ during growth
Muscle mass
70
True or false: Strength increases exponentially with age from childhood through adolescence (6-18 yrs)
False
(linearly)
71
Girls' strength level off after age _____
15
72
Boys' strength accelerate between ages _____
13-20
73
True or false: As the skeletal system grows, the muscles have to lengthen to establish the appropriate length-tension relationship
True
74
Pulse rate at rest
60-90 beats/min
75
Respiratory rate at rest
16-24 breaths/min
76
True or false: During adolescence the heart size and blood volume increase
True
77
True or false: During adolescence weight and volume of lungs decrease
False
(Increase)
78
True or false: During acute exercise HR is higher during submax and max exercise
True
79
True or false: During acute exercise stroke volume is higher
False
(lower)
80
True or false: During acute exercise cardiac output is lower in children and teens
False
(higher)
81
True or false: During acute exercise BP is lower at rest; the slope of systolic rise is less dramatic with exercise
True
82
True or false: Metabolic heat/mass unit is produced more during physical activities
True
83
Fewer sweat glands means a ________ sweating capacity
Lower
84
Exercising at _____ temperatures leads to risk for heat-related injuries
High
85
Exercising at _____ temperatures leads to risk for increased heat loss
Low
86
Frequency in exercise prescription
3-5 x per week
87
Intensity in exercise prescription
-50-85% of VO2 max
-40-50% in deconditioned individuals
-Borg scale of perceived exertion
88
Time in exercise prescription
30-60 minutes
(If less than 30 min, increase frequency)
89
Type in exercise prescription
Play, games, sports, chores, recreation, PE
(keep it fun, developmentally appropriate and vary activities in the context of family, school, and community activities)
90
Fitness and wellness
-Healthy musculoskeletal tissues
-Healthy cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
-Neuromuscular awareness
-Facilitate maintenance of a healthy body weight
-Psychological benefits
91
True or false: All of these changes occurring in adolescence will hopefully result in a stronger person with increased endurance and skill
True
92
Adolescents become negative in their attitudes and interaction because of...
Growing self-consciousness related to changing bodies
93
Need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control
Social antagonism
94
-Most self-centered, seen from their point of view
-Value peer's opinions with the stereotypical adolescent preoccupations
Young teens (13-14 yrs)
95
-Better at compromising, more tolerant of others' views
-Think more independently and make more of their own decision
-Risk taking behaviors with a focus on the present and denial of consequence
-Dating begins
Middle teens (15-16 yrs)
96
-Develop a sense of seriousness
-Ends when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents
Late teens (17-18 yrs)
97
Age at which teen is increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts (more relative and less absolute, more self-reflective, capable of considering an extended time perspective)
11-14
98
True or false: Small gains in self-esteem have been documented during second decade of life
True
99
This is associated with depression, suicidal behavior, delinquent behavior, and drug use
Low self-esteem
100
Self-esteem is affected by personal judgment of...
-Physical attractiveness (particularly among girls),
-Acceptance by peers
-Academic competence
-Athletic ability and conduct
101
True or false: Perceived support from parents and peers is not associated with adolescent self-esteem
False
(it is)
102
Symptoms/signs of depression/suicide
Feeling sad, tired, withdrawn, think hopelessly or negatively
103
_______ young people aged 15-24 commit suicide
5000
104
Depression/suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in youths and young adults
3rd
105
Causes of depression/suicide
Family
School
High expectations
Relationship break-ups
Substance abuse
Poor choices
106
Depression is masked by...
Anxiety
Eating disorders
Substance abuse
Hyperactivity
107
Destructive behaviors in adolescence
Disordered eating
Self-injurious behavior
Substance abuse
108
Disordered eating
Bulimia
Anorexia
Obesity
109
Signs of disordered eating
Low energy
Fatigue
Perseveration on food
Obsession with body image
110
Puberty is accompanied by increase in...
Sexual arousal
111
By the end of high school ____% have had sexual intercourse
48%
112
True or false: Children with special needs are at greater risk for sexual abuse
True
113
Taking precautions and reduce the chance of STDs or pregnancy
Safe sex
114
Condom use in adolescents
57%
115
True or false: Neuromuscular does not improve when adolescence play multiple sports
False
(does improve)
116
True or false: Rapid growth spurts and change in body proportion leads to decreased coordination
True
117
Insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leading to inadequate energy to support the body's physiological functions
Relative energy deficiency (RED-S)
118
RED-S is common among adolescent _________
Athletes
119
PT implications of RED-S
-Decreased muscular strength and endurance performance
-Chronic fatigue
-Bone loss --> increased risk of stress fractures
-Psychological stress, depression, and anxiety
120
Formerly known as the female athlete triad and now includes female and male athletes
RED-S
121
This ligament resists anterior translation of the tibia
ACL
122
True or false: ACL injuries typically occur with a rapid change in direction or during non-contact situations (ex: landing from a jump or a quick twisting motion)
True
123
ACL injuries are more common in...
Female athletes
124
In a pediatric patient, ACL injuries can commonly occur with a fracture of the __________
Growth plate
125
ACL injuries can lead to an increased risk for ___________ later in life
Osteoarthritis
126
Rehabilitation for ACL injury
-Early on: range of motion and mobility
-Gradually progress to strengthening, endurance, and neuromuscular training (hamstrings and gluteals)
-Later on: sports specific activities
