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Developmental Concepts > Week 7- Adolescence > Flashcards

Week 7- Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescence (age range)

A

11-18 years

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2
Q

Young adulthood (age range)

A

18-22/25 years

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3
Q

Infancy (age range)

A

Birth-1 year

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4
Q

Parts of infancy

A

Neonatal and infant

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5
Q

Neonatal (age range)

A

Birth-2 weeks of age

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6
Q

Infant (age range)

A

3 weeks-12 months

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7
Q

Toddlerhood (age range)

A

13 months-2 years (2 years, 11 months)

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8
Q

Parts of early childhood

A

Preschool
Elementary school

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9
Q

Preschool (age range)

A

3-5 years

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10
Q

Elementary school (age range)

A

5-10 years (10 yrs, 11 months)

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11
Q

Adolescence (age range)

A

11-18 years

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12
Q

Young adulthood (age range)

A

18-22/25 years

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13
Q

Adulthood (age range)

A

22-40 years

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14
Q

Middle age (age range)

A

40-65 years

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15
Q

Late adulthood (age range)

A

65+ years

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16
Q

Erik Erickson’s stage for adolescence

A

Identity vs Confusion

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17
Q

The adolescent decade is viewed as a transition period between ___________ and __________

A

Childhood
Adulthood

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18
Q

The adolescent period begins with ___________ and ends with ___________

A

Sexual maturity
Cessation of growth

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19
Q

The adolescent period involves ___________ and ___________ development

A

Physical
Psychological

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20
Q

Physical and psychological development in the adolescent period

A

-Reach physical and sexual maturity
-Grow self consciousness and search for identity
-Develop more sophisticated reasoning ability and abstract thinking

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21
Q

Marked by rapid physical growth and development of secondary sex characteristics

A

Pre-adolescence

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22
Q

Puberty age range in females

A

8-10 years

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23
Q

Puberty age range in males

A

9-11 years

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24
Q

This occurs when a child’s sexual and physical characteristics mature

A

Puberty

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25
Q

Puberty occurs due to ___________ changes

A

Gonadal hormone

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26
Q

Puberty ends with the onset of ___________

A

Menses

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27
Q

Menarche occurs at age…

A

12-13 years

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28
Q

At the end of puberty males begin producing…

A

Sperm

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29
Q

Four major changes of puberty

A

-Development of primary sex characteristics (sex organs)
-Development of secondary sex characteristics
-Rapid physical growth (spurt in height and weight)
-Changes in body proportions

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30
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Testes and ovaries

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31
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Physical appearance

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32
Q

Factors affecting timing of puberty

A

-Genetics
-Stress
-Socioeconomic status
-Environmental toxins
-Nutrition and diet, exercise
-Amount of fat and body weight
-Chronic illness

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33
Q

True or false: Puberty is second to the prenatal period as the phase of most rapid growth

A

True

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34
Q

True or false: The rate of physical growth continues after puberty

A

False

(slows down)

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35
Q

Growth spurt begins with…

A

Feet –> legs –> trunk

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36
Q

They grow 4-12 inches during puberty

A

Boys

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37
Q

They grow 2-8 inches during puberty

A

Girls

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38
Q

During puberty, both boys and girls gain ______ lbs

A

15-65

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39
Q

Their growth ceases between 16-17 years of age; reach 98% of final height by age 17

A

Girls

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40
Q

They continue to grow in height up to 18-20 years of age; reach 98% of final height by age 18

A

Boys

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41
Q

BMI < 18.5

A

Underweight

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42
Q

BMI 18.8-24.9

A

Healthy weight

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43
Q

BMI 25-29.9

A

Overweight

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44
Q

BMI 30+

A

Obese

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45
Q

BMI for age is <5%

A

Underweight

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46
Q

BMI for age is 5%-85%

A

Healthy weight

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47
Q

BMI for age is 85%-95%

A

Overweight

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48
Q

BMI for age is 95%+

A

Obese

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49
Q

True or false: During puberty the nose reaches adult size first in the face

A

True

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50
Q

True or false: During puberty, arms and legs reach adult size before hands and feet

A

False

(hands and feet THEN arms and legs)

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51
Q

True or false: During puberty, the trunk becomes longer than the LE

A

False

(LE becomes longer than trunk)

52
Q

True or false: During puberty, bones often grow faster than muscles leading to motor awkwardness

A

True

53
Q

True or false: Growth slows down later in adolescence

A

True

54
Q

True or false: Later in adolescence, body proportions are not similar to those of adults

A

False

(they are similar)

55
Q

Later in adolescence, bone growth stops at about ____ yrs old for girls and _____ yrs old for boys

A

18
21

56
Q

True or false: Adolescents learn to stabilize the organization of different muscular patterns (improved coordination)

A

True

57
Q

_________________ is attained when the epiphyseal plates grow

A

Skeletal maturity

58
Q

True or false: Epiphyseal closure begins in childhood

A

True

59
Q

Epiphyseal closure is typically complete (ALL epiphyseal growth plates closed) at age ____

A

25

60
Q

True or false: A fracture across a growth plate does not lead to asymmetrical growth of that joint

A

False

(it does)

61
Q

True or false: The use of ultrasound is contraindicated over epiphyseal areas in children

A

True

62
Q

For most people height will not increase after age 18-20 due to the closure in the…

A

Growth plates of long bones

63
Q

On average, females stop growing around age _____ and boys around _____

A

13-15 yrs

15-17 yrs

64
Q

True or false: Bone is mature through much of adolescence

A

False

(immature)

65
Q

How is bone immature in adolescence?

A

-More porous with thick periosteum
-Unstable physes (growth plates)

66
Q

Indicator of maturation

A

Compare ossification amount on x-ray with standards

67
Q

True or false: Muscle mass does not increase first as the body grows

A

False

(it does increase first)

68
Q

True or false: Adult muscle diameter is reached in early teens (12-15 yrs)

A

True

69
Q

Increases in strength is directly related to increases in ______ during growth

A

Muscle mass

70
Q

True or false: Strength increases exponentially with age from childhood through adolescence (6-18 yrs)

A

False

(linearly)

71
Q

Girls’ strength level off after age _____

A

15

72
Q

Boys’ strength accelerate between ages _____

A

13-20

73
Q

True or false: As the skeletal system grows, the muscles have to lengthen to establish the appropriate length-tension relationship

A

True

74
Q

Pulse rate at rest

A

60-90 beats/min

75
Q

Respiratory rate at rest

A

16-24 breaths/min

76
Q

True or false: During adolescence the heart size and blood volume increase

A

True

77
Q

True or false: During adolescence weight and volume of lungs decrease

A

False

(Increase)

78
Q

True or false: During acute exercise HR is higher during submax and max exercise

A

True

79
Q

True or false: During acute exercise stroke volume is higher

A

False

(lower)

80
Q

True or false: During acute exercise cardiac output is lower in children and teens

A

False

(higher)

81
Q

True or false: During acute exercise BP is lower at rest; the slope of systolic rise is less dramatic with exercise

A

True

82
Q

True or false: Metabolic heat/mass unit is produced more during physical activities

A

True

83
Q

Fewer sweat glands means a ________ sweating capacity

A

Lower

84
Q

Exercising at _____ temperatures leads to risk for heat-related injuries

A

High

85
Q

Exercising at _____ temperatures leads to risk for increased heat loss

A

Low

86
Q

Frequency in exercise prescription

A

3-5 x per week

87
Q

Intensity in exercise prescription

A

-50-85% of VO2 max
-40-50% in deconditioned individuals
-Borg scale of perceived exertion

88
Q

Time in exercise prescription

A

30-60 minutes

(If less than 30 min, increase frequency)

89
Q

Type in exercise prescription

A

Play, games, sports, chores, recreation, PE

(keep it fun, developmentally appropriate and vary activities in the context of family, school, and community activities)

90
Q

Fitness and wellness

A

-Healthy musculoskeletal tissues
-Healthy cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
-Neuromuscular awareness
-Facilitate maintenance of a healthy body weight
-Psychological benefits

91
Q

True or false: All of these changes occurring in adolescence will hopefully result in a stronger person with increased endurance and skill

A

True

92
Q

Adolescents become negative in their attitudes and interaction because of…

A

Growing self-consciousness related to changing bodies

93
Q

Need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control

A

Social antagonism

94
Q

-Most self-centered, seen from their point of view
-Value peer’s opinions with the stereotypical adolescent preoccupations

A

Young teens (13-14 yrs)

95
Q

-Better at compromising, more tolerant of others’ views
-Think more independently and make more of their own decision
-Risk taking behaviors with a focus on the present and denial of consequence
-Dating begins

A

Middle teens (15-16 yrs)

96
Q

-Develop a sense of seriousness
-Ends when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents

A

Late teens (17-18 yrs)

97
Q

Age at which teen is increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts (more relative and less absolute, more self-reflective, capable of considering an extended time perspective)

A

11-14

98
Q

True or false: Small gains in self-esteem have been documented during second decade of life

A

True

99
Q

This is associated with depression, suicidal behavior, delinquent behavior, and drug use

A

Low self-esteem

100
Q

Self-esteem is affected by personal judgment of…

A

-Physical attractiveness (particularly among girls),
-Acceptance by peers
-Academic competence
-Athletic ability and conduct

101
Q

True or false: Perceived support from parents and peers is not associated with adolescent self-esteem

A

False

(it is)

102
Q

Symptoms/signs of depression/suicide

A

Feeling sad, tired, withdrawn, think hopelessly or negatively

103
Q

_______ young people aged 15-24 commit suicide

A

5000

104
Q

Depression/suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in youths and young adults

A

3rd

105
Q

Causes of depression/suicide

A

Family
School
High expectations
Relationship break-ups
Substance abuse
Poor choices

106
Q

Depression is masked by…

A

Anxiety
Eating disorders
Substance abuse
Hyperactivity

107
Q

Destructive behaviors in adolescence

A

Disordered eating
Self-injurious behavior
Substance abuse

108
Q

Disordered eating

A

Bulimia
Anorexia
Obesity

109
Q

Signs of disordered eating

A

Low energy
Fatigue
Perseveration on food
Obsession with body image

110
Q

Puberty is accompanied by increase in…

A

Sexual arousal

111
Q

By the end of high school ____% have had sexual intercourse

A

48%

112
Q

True or false: Children with special needs are at greater risk for sexual abuse

A

True

113
Q

Taking precautions and reduce the chance of STDs or pregnancy

A

Safe sex

114
Q

Condom use in adolescents

A

57%

115
Q

True or false: Neuromuscular does not improve when adolescence play multiple sports

A

False

(does improve)

116
Q

True or false: Rapid growth spurts and change in body proportion leads to decreased coordination

A

True

117
Q

Insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leading to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions

A

Relative energy deficiency (RED-S)

118
Q

RED-S is common among adolescent _________

A

Athletes

119
Q

PT implications of RED-S

A

-Decreased muscular strength and endurance performance
-Chronic fatigue
-Bone loss –> increased risk of stress fractures
-Psychological stress, depression, and anxiety

120
Q

Formerly known as the female athlete triad and now includes female and male athletes

A

RED-S

121
Q

This ligament resists anterior translation of the tibia

A

ACL

122
Q

True or false: ACL injuries typically occur with a rapid change in direction or during non-contact situations (ex: landing from a jump or a quick twisting motion)

A

True

123
Q

ACL injuries are more common in…

A

Female athletes

124
Q

In a pediatric patient, ACL injuries can commonly occur with a fracture of the __________

A

Growth plate

125
Q

ACL injuries can lead to an increased risk for ___________ later in life

A

Osteoarthritis

126
Q

Rehabilitation for ACL injury

A

-Early on: range of motion and mobility
-Gradually progress to strengthening, endurance, and neuromuscular training (hamstrings and gluteals)
-Later on: sports specific activities

Developmental Concepts (12 decks)

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