Wk3 Female Repro Phys Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Wk3 Female Repro Phys Deck (32)
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1
Q

FSH acts where in the ovary?

A

Granulosa cells

**Inhibin and Estrogen

2
Q

LH acts where in the ovary?

A

Theca cells

**androgens –> travel to granulosa cells to become estrogen

3
Q

Estrogen has negative feedback on?

A

anterior pituitary AND hypothalamus

4
Q

Inhibin has negative feedback on?

A

anterior pituitary ONLY

**primarily FSH

5
Q

FSH role in ovary:

A

follicle development

LH receptor synthesis

6
Q

What happens to estrogens negative feedback close to ovulation?

A

flips to positive feedback causing “LH surge”

FSH still suppressed by inhibin

**slide 11

7
Q

LH role in ovary:

A

Critical for inducing ovulation

-ovulation required for formation of corpus luteum

8
Q

Gonadotropin secreted by placenta:

What does it do?

A

hCG – human chorionic gonadotropin

1st trimester: maintains corpus luteum which keep progesterone (and estrogen) levels high to maintain pregnancy

stimulates LH receptor

9
Q

Which two gonadotropins share a receptor?

A

LH and hCG

10
Q

Progesterone comes from which cells?

A

thecal – LH and/or hCG mediated

**along with androgens

**progesterone also formed in luteal cells

11
Q

What enzyme makes estrogens from androgens?

A

Aromatase

12
Q

Main estrogen type:

A

17B estradiol

13
Q

Estrogen receptor that mediates the HypPitOvar axis:

A

ERalpha

14
Q

Look at slide 21…

A

weird feedback changes during ovulation

15
Q

Difference between follicular phase and luteal phase:

A

follicular is before ovulation, luteal is after

high estrogen the whole time

higher progesterone in luteal

16
Q

Estrogen effect on uterus during follicular phase?

A

promotes uterine growth (proliferative phase)

17
Q

Progesterone effects on uterus during luteal phase?

A

maintains a high level of metabolism (secretory phase)

18
Q

What is the chorion?

A

the placenta

19
Q

Used to detect pregnancy:

A

Urinary hCG

20
Q

When does uterine dependence on ovarian steroids switch to placenta steroids?

A

end of first trimester

21
Q

Which steroid is dominant during most of pregnancy:

A

Progesterone

22
Q

What are progesterones roles during most of pregnancy?

A
  1. decreases adrenergic receptors
  2. inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis
  3. inhibits estrogen receptor synthesis
  4. promotes storage of PG synthesizing enzymes
23
Q

When does estrogen become the dominant hormone of pregnancy?

A

just prior to birth (Parturition)

24
Q

Estradiol roles during parturition:

A
  1. increases oxytocin receptors
  2. promotes uterine contractility
  3. cervical “ripening”
  4. Increases local prostaglandin release from placenta causing myometrial contractions
25
Q

Prostaglandin roles in ovulation and pregnancy:

A
  1. rupture of Graafian follicle at ovulation
    - contraction of myometrium during menstruation
  2. mild Braxton Hicks contractions during pregnancy
  3. strong uterine contractions during parturition

**PG’s produced in placenta

26
Q

Oxytocin role during parturition:

A
  1. induces smooth muscle contraction

**positive feedback with hypothalamus

27
Q

What two things induce oxytocin release during parturition?

A
  1. mechanical stimulation of cervix

2. forceful uterine contractions

28
Q

good summary slide on…

A

slide 35

29
Q

What happens if placenta is not totally removed after delivery with regards to lactation:

A

progesterone is still inhibiting milk secretion

30
Q

Galactopoiesis (milk PRODUCTION) controlled by:

A

prolactin

31
Q

Milk ejection controlled by:

A

oxytocin

32
Q

Lactation pathways on slide….

A

39