Z 343 lab

Question 1

3 functions of blood

Answer 1

transportation of gases, nutrients, vitamins regulation of pH, temp, etc. protection

Question 2

2 components of blood

Answer 2

plasma (water, proteins, solutes) formed elements (erythrocytes and buffy coat (leukocytes, platelets))

Question 3

erythrocytes

Answer 3

RBCs most common formed element anucleate and missing most other organelles disc shaped, 7-8 microns contains hemoglobin

Question 4

hemoglobin

Answer 4

carries O2, 23% of CO2, also regulates blood flow and pressure

Question 5

determining levels of hemoglobin useful in….

Answer 5

classifying cause of anemia (lack of RBCs v. lack of hemoglobin in RBCs) rupture RBCs and measure intensity of color to determine hemoglobin content of sample

Question 6

anemia

Answer 6

reduction in O2 carrying capacity in blood

Question 7

aplastic anemia

Answer 7

caused by failure of red bone marrow to produce RBCs

Question 8

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 8

decrease in hemoglobin production due to inadequate iron

Question 9

sickle cell anemia

Answer 9

inherited condition hemoglobin misshaped resulting in reduce O2 carrying capacity

Question 10

polycythemia

Answer 10

higher than normal volume of red blood cells

Question 11

hematocrit

Answer 11

rough measure of O2 carrying ability of blood centrifuge blood and measure volume occupied by RBCs

Question 12

PCV/HB

Answer 12

measures amount of hemoglobin per unit of RBC

Question 13

agglutinins

Answer 13

antibodies in blood plasma that react with antigens not found on RBCs of individual

Question 14

universal donor

Answer 14

O+

Question 15

universal recipient

Answer 15

AB+

Question 16

Rh

Answer 16

antigen first discovered by rhesus monkeys most people Rh+

Question 17

in Rh- individuals…

Answer 17

anti-Rh antibodies are not innately found produced by immune system after exposure to Rh+ blood subsequent exposure to Rh+ blood can cause severe reactions

Question 18

platelets

Answer 18

anucleate cell fragments small 2-4 microns. aids in stopping blood loss by forming platelet plug, releasing chemicals that promote blood clotting, releasing chemicals that promote vascular spasm

Question 19

platelets formed by

Answer 19

splintering of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow

Question 20

vascular spasm

Answer 20

contraction of smooth muscle in artery/arteriole walls

Question 21

granular leukocytes

Answer 21

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

Question 22

agranular leukocytes

Answer 22

monocyte, lymphocyte

Question 23

neutrophil

Answer 23

50-70% of all WBCs (leukocytes) polymorphonuclear - nuclei are polymorphic, varying number of lobes (2-5) medium sized 10-12 microns

Question 24

function of neutrophils

Answer 24

bacteria killers chemically attracted to sites of inflammation attacks bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 25

lymphocyte

Answer 25

20-25% of all WBCs large nucleus that occupies most of volume small 6-9 microns or large 10-14 microns

Question 26

lymphocyte function

Answer 26

B cells: give rise to antibody producing cells T cells: directly attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, some bacteria increases in diverse infections and immune responses

Question 27

monocytes

Answer 27

3-8% of all WBCs kidney shaped nucleus largest of WBCs 12-20 microns

Question 28

monocyte functions

Answer 28

once it leaves capillaries, transforms into wandering macrophages macrophages destroy viruses, some bacteria, and clean up dead tissue by phagocytosis

Question 29

eosinophil

Answer 29

2-4% of WBCs nucleus 2-3 lobes connected by thin strand granules appear red-orange with acidic dye 10-12 microns

Question 30

eosinophil function

Answer 30

targets certain parasitic worms - gather around and releases digestive chemicals allergic responses, asthma

Question 31

basophils

Answer 31

\<1% of WBC large dark purple, irregularly sized granules nucleus irregularly shaped, bilobed but cant see 8-10 microns

Question 32

basophil function

Answer 32

involved in inflammatory and allergy reactions - herapin, histamine, serotonin to increase inflammatory response increase with allergic reactions, leukemia, diabetes, autoimmune disorders

Question 33

leukocytes most common to least common

Answer 33

N L M E B

Question 34

leukemia

Answer 34

abnormal levels of WBC produce more but immature and not functional

Question 35

hemocytoblast

Answer 35

first stem cell for hematopoiesis

Question 36

myeloid stem cell

Answer 36

into erythrocyte, platelets, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, and monocyte

Question 37

lymphoid stem cell

Answer 37

into T cell, B cell natural killer cells

Question 38

megakaryocyte

Answer 38

give rise to platelets

Question 39

Answer 39

normal sinus rhythm

Question 40

Answer 40

sinus arrhythmia

Question 41

Answer 41

sinus bradycardia

Question 42

Answer 42

sinus tachycardia

Question 43

Answer 43

atrial fibrilation

Question 44

Answer 44

atrial flutter

Question 45

Answer 45

premature ventricular contraction

Question 46

Answer 46

junctional rhythm

Question 47

Answer 47

ventricular tachycardia

Question 48

Answer 48

AV block