10c: Cortex III (Extrastriate)

Question 1

Parvocellular cells project to (X) and magnocellular cells project to (Y).

Answer 1

X = parvocellular layers of LGN
Y = magnocellular layers of LGN and superior colliculus

Question 2

Magnocellular LGN cells project to (X) layers of (Y) cortex.

Answer 2

X = 4C(alpha) 
Y = primary visual

Question 3

Parvocellular LGN cells project to (X) layers of (Y) cortex.

Answer 3

X = 4C(beta) 
Y = primary visual

Question 4

Neurons in layer 4C(beta) of (X) cortex receive signals from (Y) and project to (Z).

Answer 4

X = primary visual
Y = Parvocellular LGN neurons
Z = blob and interblob regions

Question 5

Blob regions eventually receive signals from (parvocellular/magnocellular) cells. What do these regions process?

Answer 5

Parvocellular;

Form perception

Question 6

Interblob regions eventually receive signals from (parvocellular/magnocellular) cells. What do these regions process?

Answer 6

Parvocellular;

Color

Question 7

Blobs project to (X)-placed cortical regions. Interblobs project to (Y)-placed cortical regions.

Answer 7

X = Y = ventrally

Question 8

There’s a high concentration of (Parvocellular/Magnocellular) cells close to fovea.

Answer 8

Parvocellular

Question 9

(Parvocellular/Magnocellular) cells have sustained response to visual stimuli.

Answer 9

Parvocellular

Question 10

Parvocellular layers of (X) are the (ventral/dorsal) (2/4) layers.

Answer 10

X = LGN;

Dorsal 4 layers

Question 11

Magnocellular layers of (X) are the (ventral/dorsal) (2/4) layers.

Answer 11

X = MGN;

Ventral 2 layers

Question 12

(X) radiations forming Meyer’s loop travel to (superior/inferior) (Y) quadrants.

Answer 12

X = optic;
Inferior;
Y = retinal

Question 13

The stripe of Gennari is a (minimally/heavily)-myelinated stripe in Layer (X) of (Y).

Answer 13

Heavily;
X = 4B
Y = striate/primary visual cortex

Question 14

The “globs” and “interglobs” are found in which layer(s), respectively, within (X) structure?

Answer 14

Both in layers 2/3 of

X = striate/primary visual cortex

Question 15

4C(alpha) layer of (X) receives signals specifically from (Y). The neurons then project to (Z).

Answer 15

X = primary visual/striate cortex
Y = Magnocellular layer of LGN
Z = Layer 4B of striate cortex

Question 16

Extrastriate cortex is Brodmann area(s):

Answer 16

18 and 19

Question 17

T/F: Extrastriate areas process the different aspects of the visual scene.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

V(X) is/are extrastriate cortices.

Answer 18

X = 2-5

Question 19

Damage to human analogue of V(1/4/5), a(n) (X) cortex, causes deficits in color perception. This condition is called (Y).

Answer 19

V4;
X = extrastriate
Y = cerebral achromatopsia

Question 20

Damage to human analogue of V(1/4/5), a(n) (X) cortex, causes deficits in motion discrimination. This condition is called (Y)

Answer 20

V5;
X = extrastriate
Y = cerebral akinetopsia

Question 21

T/F: Cerebral achromatopsia is nearly identical to color blindness.

Answer 21

False - it’s a disconnection of color from cognition

Question 22

Motion is detected in “freeze frames” in which condition?

Answer 22

Cerebral akinetopsia

Question 23

Cytochrome oxidase staining of extrastriate cortex (X) reveals (homogenous/heterogenous) layers.

Answer 23

X = V2

Hetergenous

Question 24

While some processing occurs in extrastriate cortex (X), it’s largely considered a relay area.

Answer 24

X = V2

Question 25

List projections of "what", aka (X), stream.

Answer 25

X = ventral; 1. V1 2. V2 3. V4

Question 26

List projections of "where", aka (X), stream.

Answer 26

X = dorsal; 1. V1 2. V2 3. MT

Question 27

Damage to (X) cortex and (Y) stream causes visuospatial neglect to (ipsilateral/bilateral/contralateral) visual space.

Answer 27

``` X = parietal; Y = dorsal (where) ``` Contralateral

Question 28

Downstream from (X) extrastriate cortex is the (Y) cortex. It has cells with complex visual stimulus requirements for activation (i.e. faces).

Answer 28

``` X = V4; Y = Infratemporal ```

Question 29

Infratemporal cortex has (small/medium/large) receptive fields.

Answer 29

Huge

Question 30

Damages to infratemporal cortex produces (simple/complex) deficits in (X).

Answer 30

Complex; Object recognition and salience

Question 31

In humans, damage to part of (X) produces prosopagnosia.

Answer 31

X = fusiform gyrus

Question 32

T/F: Ventral and dorsal streams always project to different structures.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

High level signals of objects/their location are sent from (dorsal/ventral) stream to which specific brain structure(s)?

Answer 33

Both streams; 1. Hippocampus 2. Prefrontal cortex 3. Limbic system

Question 34

Premotor cortex is involved in which function(s)?

Answer 34

Planning of motor programs

Question 35

Prefrontal cortex involved in which function(s)?

Answer 35

Planning (abstract), intention, motivation

Question 36

List some non-specific signs of frontal lobe damage.

Answer 36

1. Lack of inhibitory control 2. Lack of motivation/intent/planning 3. Inappropriate behavior 4. Personality change

Question 37

Damage to (X) causes "pie in the sky", aka deficit in (ipsilateral/contralateral/bilateral) (Y).

Answer 37

X = meyer's loop Contralateral; Y = upper visual hemifield

Question 38

Damage to (X) causes deficit in (ipsilateral/contralateral/bilateral) lower visual hemifield.

Answer 38

X = caudal parietal or rostral occipital lobes Contralateral

Question 39

Sounds are associated with meaningful content in (X) area. This information is then sent to (Y) lobe via (Z).

Answer 39

``` X = Wernicke's Y = frontal Z = arcuate fasciculus ```

Question 40

Macular sparing is sometimes seen in (X) condition. Which portion (Y) is healthy/intact?

Answer 40

X = homonymous hemianopia; Caudal portion of Y = calcarine sulcus

Question 41

Weakness in muscles/sensory for lower limb is indicative of damage to (medial/lateral) portion of respective cortices.

Answer 41

Medial

Question 42

Middle cerebral artery initially divides into:

Answer 42

Superior and inferior divisions

Question 43

T/F: Reading is impaired in Wernicke's aphasia.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What's global aphasia?

Answer 44

Damage to both Wernicke and Broca areas

Question 45

Fibers traveling to superior bank of calcarine sulcus carry signals from (superior/inferior) visual field and travel under (X) lobe to get there.

Answer 45

Inferior; | X = parietal

Question 46

Fibers traveling to inferior bank of calcarine sulcus carry signals from (superior/inferior) visual field and travel under (X) lobe to get there.

Answer 46

Superior; | X = temporal

Question 47

Symptoms with stroke to L PCA.

Answer 47

R homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 48

Symptoms with stroke to R PCA.

Answer 48

L homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 49

Symptoms with stroke to L Superior MCA.

Answer 49

1. UMN signs for R face/arm | 2. Broca's

Question 50

Symptoms with stroke to R Superior MCA.

Answer 50

1. UMN signs for L face/arm

Question 51

Symptoms with stroke to L Inferior MCA.

Answer 51

1. R sensory loss 2. R hemianopia, denser in superior quadrant (PITS) 3. Wernicke's

Question 52

Symptoms with stroke to R Inferior MCA.

Answer 52

1. L sensory loss 2. L PITS 3. Hemineglect

Question 53

Symptoms with stroke to L MCA at stem.

Answer 53

1. R homonymous hemianopia 2. R paralysis (hemiplegia) and loss of touch (hemianesthesia) 3. Global aphasia

Question 54

Symptoms with stroke to R MCA at stem.

Answer 54

1. L homonymous hemianopia 2. L paralysis (hemiplegia) and loss of touch (hemianesthesia) 3. Hemineglect

Question 55

Symptoms with stroke to L ACA.

Answer 55

1. R UMN signs for leg 2. Sensory loss for R leg 3. Frontal signs

Question 56

Symptoms with stroke to R ACA.

Answer 56

1. L UMN signs for leg 2. Sensory loss for L leg 3. Frontal signs