03c: Autonomic NS

Question 1

Somatic NS has (1/2/3) neuron(s) between CNS and target (X).

Answer 1

1;

X = skeletal muscle

Question 2

Autonomic NS has (1/2/3) neuron(s) between CNS and target (X).

Answer 2

2;

X = smooth, cardiac muscles; and glands

Question 3

T/F: Somatic NS only produces excitatory response (muscle contraction).

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Autonomic nervous system only produces inhibitory response

Answer 4

False - excitatory or inhibitory

Question 5

Most organs influenced by (Sympathetic/Parasympathetic) NS. List exceptions.

Answer 5

Both;

Adrenal medulla, sweat glands, blood vessels (only SNS)

Question 6

Ratio of Pre/Post ganglionic fibers in sympathetic NS.

Answer 6

1:10

Question 7

Ratio of Pre/Post ganglionic fibers in parasympathetic NS.

Answer 7

Nearly 1:1

Question 8

Pre-ganglionic NT (going to post-ganglionic neuron) for sympathetic NS.

Answer 8

ACh

Question 9

Pre-ganglionic NT (going to post-ganglionic neuron) for parasympathetic NS.

Answer 9

ACh

Question 10

Post-ganglionic NT (going to effector organ) for parasympathetic NS.

Answer 10

ACh

Question 11

Most common post-ganglionic NT (going to effector organ) in sympathetic NS.

Answer 11

NE

Question 12

(Parasympathetic/Sympathetic) NS secretes (X) to target adrenal medulla. Adrenal medulla then secretes (Y) to (Z).

Answer 12

Sympathetic;
X = ACh
Y = Epi (80%): NE (20%)

Z = (Into) circulation

Question 13

ACh has (X) types of receptors. List them and star the ones that are metabotropic.

Answer 13

X = 2

1. Nicotinic
2. Muscarinic*

Question 14

Skeletal muscle has (X) type of ACh receptor, which is blocked by (Y).

Answer 14

X = N1 (nicotinic)
Y = curare

Question 15

ANS ganglia have (X) type of ACh receptor, which is blocked by (Y).

Answer 15

X = N2 (nicotinic)
Y = hexamethonium

Question 16

Smooth muscle has (X) type of ACh receptor, which is blocked by (Y).

Answer 16

X = muscarinic
Y = atropine

Question 17

Cardiac muscle has (X) type of ACh receptor, which is blocked by (Y).

Answer 17

X = muscarinic
Y = atropine

Question 18

NE has (X) types of receptors. List them and star the ones that are metabotropic.

Answer 18

X = 2

1. Alpha*
2. Beta*

Question 19

When (X) activates Alpha-1 receptor, what happens?

Answer 19

X = NE

Leads to contraction of smooth muscle of blood vessels

Question 20

Alpha-2 receptor found on (X) membrane. What happens when it’s activated by (Y)?

Answer 20

X = adrenergic pre-synaptic membrane;
Y = NE

Acts as autoreceptor (inhibits NE release)

Question 21

When (X) activates Beta-1 receptor, what happens?

Answer 21

X = NE

Increases HR and contraction F

Question 22

When (X) activates Beta-2 receptor, what happens?

Answer 22

X = NE

Relaxes GI tract and some vascular smooth muscle

Question 23

Binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors induces (EPSP/IPSP) in post-ganglionic cell.

Answer 23

EPSP

Question 24

ACh binds (X) receptors in atria of heart and produces which response? The same receptors in intestinal smooth muscle produce which response?

Answer 24

X = muscarinic

Heart: decreases HR and contraction F
Intestine: increase frequency/F of contraction

Question 25

Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release (X) NT from (Y), which look like pearls on a string and are located at axon's terminal.

Answer 25

``` X = NE Y = varicosities (swellings) ```

Question 26

List the factors that affect temporal release of NE from varicosities.

Answer 26

1. AP frequency 2. Amount of NE available 3. Other receptors on varicosity 4. Autoreceptors (NE concentration in cleft) 5. Factors that cause NE action termination

Question 27

Termination of NE action affected by which mechanisms?

Answer 27

1. Reuptake by active transport 2. Diffusion from cleft 3. Extra-neuronal uptake and breakdown

Question 28

NE reuptake into pre-synaptic cleft is broken down by:

Answer 28

Monoamine oxidase

Question 29

T/F: Autonomic regulation of organs is typically initiatory.

Answer 29

false - modulatory