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EMT FF Class > Module Exam Ch 11-15 > Flashcards

Module Exam Ch 11-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements about normal gas exchange gas exchange in the lungs is correct? (first question on exam should = a)

a. O2 nebulize high in the exhalation phase
b. O2 and CO2 diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries
c. the actual exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs in the capillaries

A

a. O2 nebulize high in the exhalation phase

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2
Q

What is the main difference between “Normal Ventilation” (natural ventilation), and “Positive Pressure Ventilation” (mechanical ventilation) in regards to air movement.

A

For normal ventilation air is sucked into the lungs due to the negative intrathoracic pressure created when the diaphragm contracts.

For positive pressure ventilation air is forced into the lungs through a means of mechanical ventilation.

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3
Q

What is the main difference between “Normal Ventilation” (natural ventilation), and “Positive Pressure Ventilation” (mechanical ventilation) in regards to blood movement.

A

For normal ventilation; normal breathing allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart.
For positive-pressure ventilation; the intrathoracic pressure is increased as air is driven into the lungs, which can reduce blood return to the heart and therefore reduce the amount of blood pumped by the heart.

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4
Q

What is the main difference between “Normal Ventilation” (natural ventilation), and “Positive Pressure Ventilation” (mechanical ventilation) in regards to airway wall pressure?

A

In normal ventilation it is not affected during normal breathing.
In positive pressure ventilation; more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing. As a result, the walls are pushed out of their normal anatomic shape.

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5
Q

What is the main difference between “Normal Ventilation” (natural ventilation), and “Positive Pressure Ventilation” (mechanical ventilation) in regards to Esophageal Opening Pressure?

A

In normal ventilation it is not affected during normal breathing.
In positive pressure ventilation; air may be forced into the stomach, especially with aggressive ventilation, causing gastric distention that could result in vomiting and aspiration.

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6
Q

What is the main difference between “Normal Ventilation” (natural ventilation), and “Positive Pressure Ventilation” (mechanical ventilation) in regards overventilation?

A

In normal ventilation; overventilation is not typical of normal breathing.
In positive pressure ventilation; too much volume and/or a fast ventilation rate results in increased intrathoracic pressure, gastric distention, and decrease in cardiac output, resulting in hypotension.

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7
Q

What is difference between exhaling and inhaling in relation to the diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm contracts as you breathe in, and expands (dialate) or relaxes as you exhale or breathe out.

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8
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Tidal volume is the amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved into or out of the lung during one breath. To put it plainly; tidal volume is the air you breathe in (in one breath) including dead space.

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9
Q

What is minute volume?

A

Minute volume is Tidal Volume multiplied by Respiratory Rate.

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10
Q

What will reduce “minute volume”?

A

Shallow breathing

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11
Q

What is the process of O2 and CO2 diffusing across the alveoli?

A

Respiration (don’t get tripped over internal respiration)

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12
Q

What is aerobic metabolism?

A

Aerobic metabolism is metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. Breathing in (inhaling) is aerobic.

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13
Q

What is anaerobic metabolism?

A

Anaerobic metabolism is metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen (the main by-product is lactic acid).

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14
Q

What is the waste product that is produced through aerobic metabolism?

A

CO2, Carbon Dioxide

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15
Q

What is the waste product that is produced through anaerobic metabolism?

A

Lactic Acid

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16
Q

What is the product that is being produced through aerobic metabolism?

A

ATP, or energy

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17
Q

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

a. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin
b. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations
c. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume
d. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin

A

a. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

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18
Q

A conscious female has 19 breaths a minute, and normal skin color. Is she breathing adequately?

A

Yes

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19
Q

A conscious male is having respirations of about 18 a minute with a reduced tidal volume. Is he breathing adequately?

A

No, his reduced tidal volume is causing him to be breathing shallowly.

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20
Q

You are dispatched to a residence where there is a middle-aged man unconscious in the front yard. There are no witnesses that can tell you what happened. You find him prone with his eyes closed and he is not moving. What is the first thing you do?

a. Flip him over into a supine position.
b. Check his pulse.
c. Assess his quality of breathing.
d. Open his airway.

A

a. Flip him over into a supine position.

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21
Q

What does medication with antagonistic properties do?

A

It is a medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.

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22
Q

What does “contraindication” mean?

A

Contraindications are conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm a patient.

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23
Q

What is the most rapid route to give a medication?

A

Intravenously

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24
Q

What route is used for giving nitroglycerine to a patient?

A

Sublingually (under the tongue)

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25
Q

A 31-year-old female having an acute asthma attack, that is conscious, alert, and in obvious respiratory distress and you assisted her with her MDI (metered dose inhaler) you should:

a. Check the drug’s expiration date
b. Contact medical control and tell them what you did
c. Reassess the patient and document her response
d. Give her another dose if she her condition has not improved in 30 seconds

A

c. Reassess the patient and document her response

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26
Q

As an EMT operating under “the great worldly protocols” can you administer aspirin?

A

Only after contacting “Med Control” and they give us the “go ahead”.

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27
Q

A middle-aged man experiencing chest discomfort that has a history of 3 previous heart attacks. He takes nitro as needed for chest pain. We have standing orders as EMT’s to administer aspirin in patients with suspected cardiac related chest pain. While my partner is preparing to give oxygen you should:

A

First, check to see if they have any allergies to the aspirin we are about to administer. Then give them the appropriate dose. Then document the dose and time medication was administered.

28
Q

What should we do if we give nitroglycerine to a patient that presents with cardiac chest pains and the first dose did not remedy the situation?

A

Double the dose.

29
Q

What does nitroglycerine do to the walls of the pulmonary artery would it relax, or constrict?

A

It relaxes

30
Q

Why is aspirin beneficial?

A

It is an anti-platelet

31
Q

Why is aspirin beneficial?

A

It is an anti-platelet

32
Q

What should you remember when you are giving Narcan through the nasal route?

A

You remember and administer half a dose in each nostril.

33
Q

What is shock also known as?

A

Hypoperfusion

34
Q

What are the vital organs that need blood flow?

A

Brain, heart, and lungs

35
Q

What most accurately describes “septic shock”?

A

Viral infection of the blood cells with vascular damage.

36
Q

What is distributive shock?

A

Widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both. This will cause a breakdown in the delivery system.

37
Q

What is neurogenic shock?

A

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control are damaged, resulting in distortion of signals to or from the brain. This is typically resulted from a high spinal injury that causes the blood to pool.

38
Q

What causes widespread vasodilation?

A

Failure of the nervous system.

39
Q

What is temporary widespread vasodilation and syncope?

A

Temporary widespread vasodilation and syncope is also known as psychogenic shock. This shock that is caused by a sudden temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope).

40
Q

What is decompensated shock?

A

This the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. There will be no radial pulse and the pupils will be dilated.

41
Q

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting, diarrhea, he is confused and diaphoretic, radial pulses are absent, blood pressure is 78/50. After giving him O2 you should:

a. allow him to drink water.
b. obtain a repeat blood pressure.
c. prepare for immediate transport.

A

c. prepare for immediate transport.

42
Q

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting, diarrhea, he is confused and diaphoretic, radial pulses are absent, blood pressure is 78/50. What kind of shock is this patient experiencing?

A

Non-hemorrhagic Hypovolemic shock

43
Q

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest as you approach him you see the knife is still there. Before making physical contact you need to make sure that:

A

You follow standard precautions

44
Q

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to the wrist, and he is holding a blood soaked towel you should:

A

Apply a tourniquet.

45
Q

What is BLS defined as?

A

Non-invasive emergency care used to treat conditions such as airway obstructions, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

46
Q

What is V-fib?

A

Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest.

47
Q

What does apneic mean?

A

Not breathing.

48
Q

How should deliver each breath on an apneic patient?

A

One breath every 6 seconds, slowly, and observe for adequate chest rising.

49
Q

What does gastric distention come from?

A

Too quickly, and too forcibly while performing bvm ventilation.

50
Q

For one rescuer adult CPR you should compress the patient’s chest at the rate of:

A

100-120 a minute.

51
Q

What is the main benefit for using a mechanical piston device?

A

Reduction of rescuer fatigue.

52
Q

For an unresponsive infant what should we palpate?

A

The brachial artery.

53
Q

You should not stop CPR until?

A

Care is transferred to another person.

54
Q

What signs are present in a patient experiencing severe upper airway obstruction?

A

Universal sign, cyanosis, inability to speak.

55
Q

Abdominal thrusts in child with severe upper airway are performed by doing:

A

Abdominal thrust until they lose consciousness

56
Q

Which of the following conditions is not characterized as psychiatric condition:

a. Depression
c. Substance abuse
d. Alzheimer’s disease

A

c. Substance abuse

57
Q

What is index of suspicion.

A

It’s when you are paying attention to the symptoms of MOI, or NOI.

58
Q

What is determining the underlying cause of patient’s medical condition based on?

A

Vital signs and symptoms

59
Q

What is the prediction of an EMT for the type of illness a patient has based on dispatch?

A

Not tunnel vision, or anchoring, or differential diagnosis.

60
Q

What is the prediction of the EMT based on symptoms that are lacking called?

A

Differential diagnosis

61
Q

What is the awareness and concern for potentially underlying symptoms?

A

Potential diagnosis

62
Q

Initial contact with patient who appears to be unconscious; you should?

A

Try to illicit a verbal response by talking to the patient, and then move on to using painful stimuli.

63
Q

Severe bleeding assessment of circulation and conscious patient should involve:

a. Pulpating the carotid pulse, and checking the cap refill
b. Getting a blood pressure and assessing if the patient is alert and oriented
c. Checking radial pulse, checking the temperature and condition of the skin

A

c. Checking radial pulse, checking the temperature and condition of the skin

64
Q

Secondary assessment of a medical patient is it practical if your patient is going to die?

A

No.

65
Q

If you have a female patient that is conscious and feels unwell, and she doesn’t have any other symptoms, and the BP cuff reads 204/120 that was automated and non-invasive. What should you do?

A

Take her blood pressure manually.

66
Q

When do we make a determination for high-priority, or low-priority?

A

At the end of the primary assessment

67
Q

What most accurately defines an infectious disease?

A

Harmful organisms that affect the growth or spread.

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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