Module 5 Exam

Question 1

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experiencing blunt trauma and is receiving 12 liters/min via a nonrebreather and full spinal cautions have been applied. During your reassessment you note that his level of consciousness has decreased and his level of respirations have become shallow, you should:

a. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to see why his clinical status has changed
b. insert an airway adjunct if he can tolerate it and begin assisting respirations with a bag-valve mask
c. reassess his vital signs and notify the receiving hospital about his change in his clinical status
d. suction his oropharynx to ensure he is clear of secretions and increase the oxygen flow rate

Answer 1

b. insert an airway adjunct if he can tolerate it and begin assisting respirations with a bag-valve mask

Question 2

You have sealed the open chest we number 40 year old male who stabbed in the anterior chest your reassessment reveals that his experiencing increasing respiratory distress tachycardia and developing cyanosis you should:

a. call for a paramedic ambulance
b. begin rapid transport at once
c. partially remove the dressing
d. begin ventilatory assistance

Answer 2

c. partially remove the dressing

Question 3

A 19-year-old male was found unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what most likely occurred?

Answer 3

a. Commotio Cordis: A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.

Question 4

A 54-year-old male experiencing an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was unable to unzip his pants down and removed the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriately treatment for this patient would include:

a. administering O2 via nonrebreather mask
b. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication
c. cover the avulsion with moist sterile dressings
d. apply direct pressure with dry sterile dressings

Answer 4

d. apply direct pressure with dry sterile dressings

Question 5

A 40-year-old man presents with severe abdominal pain after blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a. covering him with a warm blanket
b. small sips of plain water
c. promptly transport him to the hospital
d. administering high-flow O2

Answer 5

b. small sips of plain water

Question 6

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding, she is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80, pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

a. apply oxygen via non-rebreather mask, suction her airway as needed, disregard the dislodged teeth and prepare for transport
b. suction her airway as needed, fully immobilize her spine, irrigate her empty tooth sockets and attempt to locate her dislodged teeth and transport

Answer 6

b. suction her airway as needed, fully immobilize her spine, irrigate her empty tooth sockets and attempt to locate her dislodged teeth and transport

Question 7

Falling direct trauma for the upper anterior part of the neck, a young male presenting labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a:

a. esophageal tear
b. a crush cricoid
c. a collapsed trachea
d. a laryngeal fracture

Answer 7

d. a laryngeal fracture

Question 8

The __________ is the best protected part of the central nervous system and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

Answer 8

a. brainstem

Question 9

When activated the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:

a. dilation of the bronchial smooth muscles
b. shunting of blood to the vital organs
c. increase in heart rate
d. pupillary constriction

Answer 9

d. pupillary constriction

Question 10

The 5 sections of the spinal column in descending order are:

Answer 10

Cervical = 7
Thoracic = 12
Lumbar = 5
Sacral = 5
Coccyx = 4

Question 11

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction will most likely be observed in a patient that is experiencing _______________.

Answer 11

Traumatic brain injury

Question 12

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma, as you were preparing to give your radio report to the hospital the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood you should:

Answer 12

Tilt the patient on his/her side and provide an emesis bag and clear the patient’s airway.

Question 13

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke the soda bottle against the wall there is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye, you should:

Answer 13

Avoid applying direct pressure.

Question 14

Patients with full thickness burns, 3rd degree burns generally do not complain of pain because:

Answer 14

Their pain receptors are charred.

Question 15

Common signs and symptoms of airway burns include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. soot around the mouth
b. singed nasal hair
c. hoarseness
d. chest pressure

Answer 15

d. chest pressure

Question 16

Burns to a pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns on adults because:

Answer 16

They have more surface area due to their size.

Question 17

According to the “Rule of Palm” method for estimating the extent of a patient’s burn, the patient’s hand is equivalent to:

Answer 17

1%

Question 18

If you rescue someone from a burning house and they have partial thickness burns to the face, chest, their nasal hairs are singed, and are coughing up sooty sputum, you should be most concerned with:

Answer 18

Their airway

Question 19

As you approach a young man that was involved in an industrial accident, you notice that his eyes are closed and he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, has lacerations to his forehead that have minimal bleeding and a closed deformity to his right leg, you should:

a. apply high-flow O2, and assess injuries
b. assess pulse rate, pulse rate regularity, quality
c. perform an immediate head to toe assessment
d. open his airway and assist with breathing status

Answer 19

d. open his airway and assist with breathing status

Question 20

A 33-year-old male has sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABC’s and assess him for other life threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound?

Answer 20

Moist sterile gauze, and secure it with occlusive dressing.

Question 21

Which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?

a. a semi-conscious patient with an ice-pick impaled in the chest
b. an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen
c. a pulseless, apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
d. a conscious and alert patient with a fistula impaled in the eye

Answer 21

c. a pulseless, apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

Question 22

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Assessment reveals that he is pulseless, apneic, and has 10 ft steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

a. Control bleeding
b. Begin CPR
c. Stabilize the steel rod
d. Immobilize spine, and transport immediately

Answer 22

b. Begin CPR

Question 23

Burns are classified according to their ______________.

Answer 23

Depth and extent

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding “Crush Syndrome” is correct?

a. Massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft tissue injuries such as evisceration to an extremity.
b. Compromised arterial blood flow that leads to crushing that can occur when an area of the body is trapped longer than 4 hours.
c. Tissue damage that occurs when crushing syndrome is severe with kidney injury that will likely cause when toxins are quickly eliminating from the body.
d. Providing the patient with crush injuries is free for traveling with 6 hours and the amount of tissue damage will be minimal.

Answer 24

b. Compromised arterial blood flow that leads to crushing that can occur when an area of the body is trapped longer than 4 hours.

Question 25

A 30-year-old male is experiencing a crushing injury when his forearm is trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival the man’s arm isn’t free, your assessment reveals that his arm is deformed, as well as cold and pale. Further assessment reveals that he is absent a radial pulse. You should be most concerned that this patient has:

Answer 25

“Compartment Syndrome”

Question 26

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?

a. The depth of the penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by an EMT
b. It is important to distinguish between entry and exit wounds in the field.
c. The degree of internal injuries can often be estimated by the external injuries.
d. External bleeding might be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

Answer 26

d. External bleeding might be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

Question 27

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball at the game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the event preceding the injury. After stabilizing his head and securing an airway, you should:

a. Perform a neurological exam.
b. Palpate radial pulses.
c. Apply ice to the hematoma.
d. Administer high-flow oxygen.

Answer 27

d. Administer high-flow oxygen.

Question 28

A young male shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have assured us that the scene is safe. The patient is semi-conscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding your partner should:

a. Obtain baseline vitals.
b. Apply a non-rebreather.
c. Assist the patient with ventilations.
d. Start performing a secondary assessment.

Answer 28

d. Start performing a secondary assessment.

Question 29

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epitaxies as you are treating it is most important to recall that:

a. That the patient might be significantly hypertensive.
b. The patient is at risk for vomiting and aspirations.
c. A detailed exam is needed to determine the cause.
d. Many medications interfere with blood clots.

Answer 29

b. The patient is at risk for vomiting and aspirations.

Question 30

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nose bleed, his blood pressure is 190/110, his heart rate is 90 beats/min and is bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

Answer 30

Pinch the nostrils and lean forward.

Question 31

Based upon other options that leaps out, all of the following should be addressed during the primary access assessment EXCEPT for:

a. Capillary bleeding
b. Airway obstruction
c. Slow shallow breathing
d. Severe hemorrhage

Answer 31

a. Capillary bleeding

Question 32

In regards to road-rash which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

a. The veins and arteries at the entry site constrict and platelets aggregate which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound.
b. The immune system releases histamines causing vasodilation and increase capillary permeability resulting in local redness and swelling.
c. White blood cells are forced away from the entry site thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells which often increases blood flow.
d. The blood vessels in and around the entry site constrict which forces bacteria and the microorganisms away thus preventing the infection.

Answer 32

b. The immune system releases histamines causing vasodilation and increase capillary permeability resulting in local redness and swelling.

Question 33

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling 45 mph. She is conscious and alert but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?

a. Multiple rib fractures.
b. Pulmonary contusion.
c. Cardiac contusion.
d. Head injury.

Answer 33

d. Head injury.

Question 34

Following a blunt injury to the head of a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms you should be most concerned with the possibility of:

a. Skull fracture.
b. Intracranial bleeding.
c. Airway compromised.
d. Spinal cord injury.

Answer 34

b. Intracranial bleeding.

Question 35

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you squeeze his trapezius muscle, he is mumbling, and has his arms curled towards his chest. You should assign him a GCS of:

Answer 35

7

Question 36

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

a. local blood vessels begin to dilate
b. red blood cells separate from plasma
c. platelets collect at the injury site
d. red blood cells become less sticky

Answer 36

c. platelets collect at the injury site

Question 37

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

a. The antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92.
b. A carotid artery laceration and systolic blood pressure of 60.
c. A jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 9.
d. A femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/9.

Answer 37

d. A femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/9.

Question 38

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet and complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is most likely responsible for the back pain?

Answer 38

Energy transmission to the spine / Compression

Question 39

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing helmet, and was thrown to the ground striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation it is most important for you to:

Answer 39

Stabilize the entire spine (c-spine).

Question 40

Passengers are seated to the rear of a vehicle and are only wearing lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the ________ spine during a rear-end crash.

Answer 40

Thoracic and Lumbar

Question 41

Which of the following is not one of the three types of collisions in a typical motor vehicle crash?

a. Collision of the passenger against the interior of the car.
b. Collision of the internal organs against the body’s solid structure.
c. Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle.
d. Collision of a car against another car, tree, or another object.

Answer 41

c. Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle.

Question 42

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

a. High velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries.
b. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
c. Low velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma.
d. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Answer 42

d. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.