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EMT FF Class > Biloxi EMT CH 30 Chest Injuries > Flashcards

Biloxi EMT CH 30 Chest Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Air is supplied to the lungs via the:

a. esophagus
b. trachea
c. nares
d. oropharynx

A

b. trachea

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2
Q

The ____________ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

a. diaphragm
b. mediastinum
c. xyphoid process
d. inferior border of the ribs

A

a. diaphragm

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3
Q

On inhalation, which of the following does NOT occur?

a. The intercostal muscles contract, elevating the rib cage.
b. The diaphragm contracts.
c. The pressure inside the chest increases.
d. Air enters through the nose and mouth.

A

c. The pressure inside the chest increases.

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4
Q

You respond to the local rodeo arena for a bull rider. The scene is safe, and the patient is lying unconscious in the middle of the arena. His airway is open, and he is breathing at 20 breaths/min. His pulse is 128 beats/min, and his blood pressure is 110/64 mm Hg. There is no obvious bleeding. Bystanders tell you that he was thrown into the air and landed on the bull’s head. He was not wearing a vest. Which of the following injuries is NOT blunt trauma to the chest?

a. Bruising of the lungs and heart
b. Fracture of whole areas of the chest wall
c. Damage to the aorta
d. Dissection of the carotid arteries

A

d. Dissection of the carotid arteries

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5
Q

You respond to a motor vehicle collision and find a 29-year-old woman who is complaining of chest pain. Her chest struck the steering wheel. Her airway is open, she is breathing at 24 breaths/min, and she is coughing up blood. Her pulse is 130 beats/min, rapid and weak, and her blood pressure is 90/58 mm Hg. You notice cyanosis around the lips and note that her fingers are also blue. When you expose the chest, she tells you that it hurts and points to a bruised spot. Which of the following is a symptom of chest injury?

a. Cyanosis around the lips or fingertips
b. Rapid, weak pulse
c. Hemoptysis
d. Pain at the site of injury

A

d. Pain at the site of injury

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a chest injury?

a. Bruising of the chest wall
b. Crepitus with palpation of the chest
c. Clear and unequal breath sounds
d. Unequal expansion of the chest wall

A

c. Clear and unequal breath sounds

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7
Q

You respond to an 18-year-old man who has been assaulted with a baseball bat. He was hit in the chest. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. The condition is most likely related to:

a. commotio cordis
b. cardiac tamponade
c. pneumothorax
d. traumatic asphyxia

A

a. commotio cordis

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8
Q

Paradoxical motion of the chest refers to:

a. rib fractures that move with the chest wall during breathing
b. one segment of the chest wall moving opposite the remainder of the chest
c. unequal expansion of the chest wall
d. one segment of the chest wall moving out on inspiration and in one exhalation

A

c. unequal expansion of the chest wall

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9
Q

A _______ results when an injury allows air to enter through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.

a. tension pneumothorax
b. hemothorax
c. hemopneumothorax
d. pneumothorax

A

d. pneumothorax

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10
Q

A sucking chest wound should be treated with:

a. a standard dressing
b. taping down of the chest
c. an occlusive dressing
d. a sandbag over the wound

A

c. an occlusive dressing

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11
Q

You respond to a 20-year-old man who was playing basketball and suddenly developed chest pain and respiratory difficulty. He is alert and oriented and complaining of chest pain. He is breathing at 24 breaths/min. His pulse is 140 beats/min, and his blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg. When listening to the chest, you notice diminished breath sounds on the left side. This patient is most likely suffering from a(n):

a. simple pneumothorax
b. hemothorax
c. tension pneumothorax
d. open pneumothorax

A

a. simple pneumothorax

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12
Q

Distended jugular veins, a narrowing pulse pressure, and muffled heart sounds are seen in which of the following conditions?

a. Tension pneumothorax
b. Cardiac tamponade
c. Traumatic asphyxia
d. Commotio cordis

A

b. Cardiac tamponade

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13
Q

Common signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. increasing respiratory distress
b. distended neck veins
c. high blood pressure
d. tracheal deviation away from the injured site

A

c. high blood pressure

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding hemothorax is CORRECT?

a. It can only be treated by a surgeon.
b. It results from a collection of air in the pleural space.
c. Breath sounds tend to be equal.
d. it is not typically associated with shock.

A

a. It can only be treated by a surgeon.

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15
Q

A ________ is the result of blunt chest trauma and is associated with an irregular pulse and sometimes dangerous cardiac rhythms.

a. cardiac tamponade
b. pulmonary contusion
c. myocardial contusion
d. traumatic asphyxia

A

c. myocardial contusion

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16
Q

A patient with blunt trauma who is holding the lateral side of his chest and has rapid and shallow respirations is most likely suffering from:

a. rib fractures
b. a sternal fracture
c. a pneumothorax
d. a pulmonary contusion

A

a. rib fractures

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17
Q

Traumatic asphyxia:

a. is bruising of the lung
b. occurs when three or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places
c. is a sudden, severe compression of the chest
d. results from the pericardial sac filling with blood

A

c. is a sudden, severe compression of the chest

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18
Q

__________ can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing cardiac output and potentially worsening chest injuries such a pneumothorax.

a. Hypoventilation
b. Positive pressure ventilation
c. Hyperventilation
d. Overventilation

A

d. Overventilation

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pertinent negative to note during your assessment of a patient with chest trauma?

a. No heart murmurs
b. No associated shortness of breath
c. No rapid breathing
d. No areas of deformity

A

a. No heart murmurs

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20
Q

Large blood vessels in the chest that can result in massive hemorrhaging include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. the pulmonary arteries
b. the femoral arteries
c. the aorta
d. the four main pulmonary veins

A

b. the femoral arteries

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21
Q

True/False

Dyspnea is difficulty breathing.

A

True

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22
Q

True/False

Tachypnea is slow respirations.

A

False

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23
Q

True/False

Distended neck veins may be a sign of a tension pneumothorax.

A

True

24
Q

True/False

Rib fractures are especially common in children.

A

False

25
Q

True/False

Narrowing pulse pressure is related to spontaneous pneumothorax.

A

False

26
Q

True/False

Laceration of the large blood vessels in the chest can cause minimal hemorrhage.

A

False

27
Q

True/False

The thoracic cage extends from the lower end of the neck to the umbilicus.

A

False

28
Q

True/False

Patients with spinal cord injuries at C3 or above can lose their ability to breathe.

A

True

29
Q

True/False

A flutter valve is a three-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity.

A

False

30
Q

True/False

Open chest injury is caused by penetrating trauma.

A

True

31
Q

True/False

Paradoxical motion can be a sign of a flail segment.

A

True

32
Q

True/False

Because patients with a chest injury have so many risks of mortality, they should be reassessed every 10 minutes.

A

False

33
Q

True/False

You should control external bleeding with direct pressure and a bulky dressing.

A

True

34
Q

True/False

Almost one-third of people who are killed immediately in car crashes die as a result of traumatic rupture of the aorta.

A

True

35
Q

True/False

The right lung contains two lobes, and the left lung contains three lobes.

A

False

36
Q

The esophagus is located in the __________ of the chest.

A

back

37
Q

During inhalation, the pressure in the chest ___________.

A

decreases

38
Q

In the anterior chest, ribs connect to the ___________.

A

sternum

39
Q

The trachea divides into the right and left mainstem __________.

A

bronchi

40
Q

The ___________ nerves supply the diaphragm.

A

phrenic

41
Q

Contents of the chest are protected by the ___________.

A

ribs

42
Q

The chest extends from the lower end of the neck to the ___________.

A

diaphragm

43
Q

________ line the area between the lungs and the chest wall.

A

Pleura

44
Q

An increase in CO2 in the blood is known as ___________.

A

hypercarbia

45
Q

During inhalation, the diaphragm ___________.

A

contracts

46
Q

___________ is the body’s ability to move air in and out of the chest and lung tissue.

A

Ventilation

47
Q

The intercostal muscles are innervated from spinal nerves originating in the lower _______ and upper ___________ regions of the spinal cord.

A

C6,C7

48
Q

__________ ___________ is the amount of air in mL that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.

A

Tidal volume

49
Q

The _________ _________ may drop as the brain becomes starved for oxygen and overloaded with carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A

Respiratory rate

50
Q

A severing of the aorta can occur when the body is exposed to _________ __________.

A

Traumatic forces

51
Q

You respond to an accidental shooting of a 37-year-old man. During the primary assessment, you find his airway to be open. His breathing is labored at 24 breaths/min. His pulse is rapid and weak. When exposing the chest, you find a sucking chest wound. Your first priority in caring for this patient should be to:

a. take a blood pressure reading
b. seal the wound with an appropriate dressing
c. continue your assessment
d. transport the patient immediately

A

b. seal the wound with an appropriate dressing

52
Q

You respond to a 17-year-old girl who was hit in the chest with a lawn dart. On arrival, she is conscious and able to converse with you. Her airway is open, but her breathing is becoming progressively more difficult. Her pulse is rapid and weak. You can palpate a radial pulse. On examining the chest, you find that she has a penetrating injury to the chest and that there is a sucking sound as she breathes. How do you manage the wound?

a. Apply oxygen by nasal cannula.
b. Stabilize the cervical spine.
c. Use a 4-inch by 4-inch gauze pad.
d. Use an occlusive dressing.

A

d. Use an occlusive dressing.

53
Q

When bandaging an open chest wound, what is the minimum number of sides that have to be taped down?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four

A

c. Three

54
Q

Dispatch sends you to a farm on the edge of town. A 57-year-old man was kicked in the chest by a horse. He walked into his house and collapsed. He is confused and lethargic. His breathing is labored at 28 breaths/min, pulse is rapid and regular, and you are able to palpate a radial pulse. On examining his chest, you notice paradoxical movement on the chest wall. You should:

a. provide spinal immobilization
b. put the patient in a position of comfort
c. provide oxygen by nasal cannula
d. provide positive pressure ventilations

A

d. provide positive pressure ventilations

55
Q

A 16-year-old boy walked into a pipe gate that hit him in the ribs on the left side. On arrival, he is alert and oriented. His breathing is shallow at 22 breaths/min. His pulse is regular and strong. You palpate a radial pulse. You are able to rule out spinal trauma. In which position do you transport him?

a. Position of comfort
b. Supine
c. Prone
d. Recovery

A

a. Position of comfort

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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