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EMT FF Class > Biloxi EMT CH 19 Gastrointestinal and Urological Emergencies > Flashcards

Biloxi EMT CH 19 Gastrointestinal and Urological Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Peritonitis, with associated fluid loss, is the result of:

a. abnormal shift of fluid from body tissue into the bloodstream
b. abnormal shift of fluid from the bloodstream into the body tissue
c. normal shift of fluid from body tissue into the bloodstream
d. normal shift of fluid from the bloodstream into body tissu

A

b. abnormal shift of fluid from the bloodstream into the body tissue

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2
Q

Distention of the abdomen is gauged by:

a. visualization
b. auscultation
c. palpation
d. the patient’s complaint of pain around the umbilicus

A

a. visualization

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3
Q

A hernia that returns to its proper body cavity is said to be:

a. reducible
b. extractable
c. incarcerated
d. replaceable

A

a. reducible

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4
Q

A patient who presents with vomiting, signs of shock, and history of eating disorder is likely to be suffering from:

a. diverticulitis
b. Mallory-Weiss syndrome
c. appendicitis
d. cholecystitis

A

b. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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5
Q

When an organ of the abdomen is enlarged, rough palpation may cause __________ of the organ.

a. distention
b. nausea
c. swelling
d. rupture

A

d. rupture

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6
Q

Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions?

a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
c. Appendicitis
d. Mittelschmerz

A

a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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7
Q

The ________ are found in the retroperitoneal space.

a. stomach and gallbladder
b. kidneys, ovaries, and pancreas
c. liver and pancreas
d. adrenal glands and uterus

A

b. kidneys, ovaries, and pancreas

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8
Q

___________ commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.

a. A peptic ulcer
b. Cholecystitis
c. Appendicitis
d. Pancreatitis

A

b. Cholecystitis

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9
Q

___________ can be caused by an obstructing gallstone, alcohol abuse, and other diseases.

a. Appendicitis
b. A peptic ulcer
c. Pancreatitis
d. Diverticulitis

A

c. Pancreatitis

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10
Q

. Which of the following is NOT a common disease that produces signs of an acute abdomen?

a. Diverticulitis
b. Cholecystitis
c. Acute appendicitis
d. Glomerulonephritis

A

d. Glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

_________ occur(s) when there is excess pressure within the portal system and surrounding vessel; it may lead to life-threatening bleeding.

a. Esophageal rupture
b. Esophageal varices
c. Esophageal ulcers
d. Esophageal reflux

A

b. Esophageal varices

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12
Q

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain.

Which of the following would NOT be pertinent regarding the pain?

a. Do you have a headache?
b. Do you feel nauseous?
c. Is the pain constant or intermittent?
d. Have you been urinating more or less?

A

a. Do you have a headache?

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13
Q

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain.

The patient tells you that she has right flank pain that radiates into her groin. What is the most likely cause of her condition?

a. Cholecystitis
b. Ileus
c. Appendicitis
d. Kidney stone

A

d. Kidney stone

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14
Q

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain.

In addition to the patient’s presentation, which of the following would NOT be an additional expected sign or symptom?

a. Diarrhea
b. Hematuria
c. Nausea
d. Vomiting

A

a. Diarrhea

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15
Q

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain.

You should transport her:

a. in a position of comfort
b. supine
c. left lateral recumbent
d. in the recovery position

A

a. in a position of comfort

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

a. It filters toxic substances.
b. It creates glucose stores.
c. It acts as a reservoir for bile.
d. It produces substances for blood clotting.

A

c. It acts as a reservoir for bile.

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17
Q

A patient presents with lower quadrant abdominal pain, tenderness above the pubic bone, and frequent urination with urgency. What is the most likely underlying condition?

a. Cholecystitis
b. Cystitis
c. Gastroenteritis
d. Diverticulitis

A

b. Cystitis

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18
Q

Infected pouches in the lining of the colon are described as:

a. cholecystitis
b. cystitis
c. gastroenteritis
d. diverticulitis

A

d. diverticulitis

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19
Q

Pregnancy, straining at stool, and chronic constipation cause increased pressure that could result in:

a. Mallory-Weiss syndrome
b. diverticulitis
c. hemorrhoids
d. gallstones

A

c. hemorrhoids

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20
Q

Diarrhea is the principal system in:

a. gastroenteritis
b. esophagitis
c. pancreatitis
d. peptic ulcers

A

a. gastroenteritis

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21
Q

Bowel inflammation, diverticulitis, and hemorrhoids are common causes of bleeding in the:

a. upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract
b. middle GI tract
c. lower GI tract
d. urinary tract

A

c. lower GI tract

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22
Q

A patient complains of heartburn, pain with swallowing, and feeling like an object is stuck in the throat. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

a. Esophageal varices
b. Esophagitis
c. Peptic ulcer
d. Gastroenteritis

A

b. Esophagitis

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23
Q

Pain that initially starts in the umbilical area and then later moves to the lower right quadrant is typically associated with:

a. gastroenteritis
b. pancreatitis
c. appendicitis
d. diverticulitis

A

c. appendicitis

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24
Q

When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:

a. guarding
b. tenderness
c. rebound tenderness
d. referred pain

A

a. guarding

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25
Q

If a patient misses a dialysis treatment, weakness and ___________ can be the first in a series of conditions that can become progressively more serious.

a. diarrhea
b. rhinorrhea
c. hearing loss
d. edema

A

d. edema

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26
Q

_________ regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.

a. Bicarbonate
b. Amylase
c. Insulin
d. Bile

A

c. Insulin

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27
Q

Regulation of acidity and blood pressure is largely attributed to the:

a. liver
b. kidneys
c. gallbladder
d. pancreas

A

b. kidneys

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28
Q

Which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system and plays a role in the regulation of red blood cells and the immune system?

a. liver
b. kidneys
c. gallbladder
d. pancreas

A

c. gallbladder

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29
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?

a. Epididymis
b. Prostate exam
c. Seminal vesicles
d. Fallopian tubes

A

d. Fallopian tubes

30
Q

_________ is responsible for the breakdown of starches into sugar.

a. Insulin
b. Bile
c. Amylase
d. Bicarbonate

A

c. Amylase

31
Q

True/False

Referred pain is a result of the connection between ligaments in the abdominal and chest cavities.

A

False

32
Q

True/False

The adverse effects of dialysis include hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, and hemorrhage and infection at the access site.

A

True

33
Q

True/False

Questioning about bowel habits and flatulence is not necessary and considered unprofessional.

A

False

34
Q

True/False

If a female is of childbearing age, you should question her about her last menstrual period.

A

True

35
Q

True/False

The parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominal cavity.

A

True

36
Q

True/False

Peritonitis is associated, with a loss of blood from the abdominal cavity.

A

False

37
Q

True/False

When palpating the abdomen, always start with the quadrant where the patient complains of the most severe pain.

A

False

38
Q

True/False

Massive hemorrhaging is associated with rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A

True

39
Q

True/False

Peptic ulcer disease affects both men and women equally.

A

True

40
Q

True/False

Patients with abdominal pain should be transported in a position of comfort.

A

False

41
Q

Localization of pain:

Right lower quadrant (direct); around navel (referred); rebound tenderness (pain felt on the rebound after palpation)

What is the condition?

A

Appendicitis

42
Q

Localization of pain:

Right upper quadrant (direct); right shoulder (referred)

What is the condition?

A

Cholecystitis

43
Q

Localization of pain:

Upper midabdomen or upper part of back

What is the condition?

A

Ulcer

44
Q

Localization of pain:

Left lower quadrant

What is the condition?

A

Diverticulitis

45
Q

Localization of pain:

Low part of back and lower quadrants.

What is the condition?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (ruptured or dissecting)

46
Q

Localization of pain:

Lower midabdomen (retropubic)

What is the condition?

A

Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder)

47
Q

Localization of pain:

Costovertebral angle

What is the condition?

A

Kidney infection

48
Q

Localization of pain:

Right or left flank, radiating to genitalia

What is the condition?

A

Kidney stone

49
Q

Localization of pain:

Upper abdomen (both quadrants); back

What is the condition?

A

Pancreatitis

50
Q

Localization of pain:

Anywhere in the abdominal area

What is the condition?

A

Hernia

51
Q

Localization of pain:

Diffuse abdominal pain area

What is the condition?

A

Peritonitis

52
Q

Solid abdominal organs include the:

a. stomach and small intestine.
b. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.
c. gallbladder and large intestine.
d. urinary bladder, colon, and ureters.

A

b. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

53
Q

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

a. Liver
b. Stomach
c. Appendix
d. Gallbladder

A

b. Stomach

54
Q

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

a. Liver
b. Speen
c. Pancreas
d. Gallbladder

A

c. Pancreas

55
Q

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

a. Liver
b. Kidneys
c. Spleen
d. Pancreas

A

c. Spleen

56
Q

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

a. retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium.
b. eliminating toxic waste products from the body.
c. removing sodium and water from the body.
d. accommodating a large amount of blood volume.

A

c. removing sodium and water from the body.

57
Q

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

a. retroperitoneal space.
b. lungs and chest cavity.
c. walls of the abdominal cavity.
d. surface of the abdominal organs.

A

c. walls of the abdominal cavity.

58
Q

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

a. peritonitis.
b. high fever.
c. severe pain.
d. internal bleeding.

A

a. peritonitis.

59
Q

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

a. referred pain.
b. radiating pain.
c. visceral pain.
d. remote pain.

A

a. referred pain.

60
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

a. The most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver.
b. The parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed or irritated.
c. The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.
d. An acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs.

A

c. The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

61
Q

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

a. ileus.
b. an ulcer.
c. appendicitis.
d. cholecystitis.

A

b. an ulcer.

62
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

a. The passage of bright red blood in the stool or coughing up blood
b. Symptom relief after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
c. Sharp pain that is typically located in both lower abdominal quadrants
d. Burning or gnawing stomach pain that subsides immediately after eating

A

d. Burning or gnawing stomach pain that subsides immediately after eating

63
Q

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are MOST indicative:

a. pancreatitis.
b. appendicitis.
c. cholecystitis.
d. gastroenteritis.

A

b. appendicitis.

64
Q

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

a. consume a lot of alcohol.
b. have uncontrolled diabetes.
c. have a history of esophagitis.
d. have weak immune systems.

A

a. consume a lot of alcohol.

65
Q

Your patient’s past medical history includes hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and seizures. Today, he presents with signs of acute renal failure. Which of his medical problems MOST likely caused this?

a. Seizures
b. Diabetes
c. Hypertension
d. Heart failure

A

d. Heart failure

66
Q

A strangulated hernia is one that:

a. spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention.
b. can be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs.
c. is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours.
d. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

A

d. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

67
Q

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

a. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
b. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees in a flexed position.
c. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position.
d. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles.

A

a. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

68
Q

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

a. kidney stones.
b. aortic aneurysm.
c. strangulated hernia.
d. acute pancreatitis.

A

b. aortic aneurysm.

69
Q

The principal symptom in both infectious and noninfectious gastroenteritis is:

a. vomiting.
b. diarrhea.
c. dysuria.
d. high fever.

A

b. diarrhea.

70
Q

Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men?

a. Cystitis
b. Hepatitis
c. Pancreatitis
d. Cholecystitis

A

a. Cystitis

71
Q

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

a. can be reversed with prompt treatment.
b. occurs from conditions such as dehydration.
c. is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.
d. causes dehydration from excessive urination.

A

c. is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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